A Simulation of a Simple Central Place System

Abstract

Central place theory attempts to explain the development of the system of cities in a region. Empirical studies based on the theory have yielded results that are plausible but difficult to interpret, due to the theory's rigidities. A computer simulation is used to examine how such a system of cities would develop if the theory were operating. The first version of the simulation uses a highly simplified format to experiment with simulation techniques. Preliminary indications are that even in this simple form, notable deviation from theoretical patterns are commonplace. This paper is a report on the first steps in a project to develop a simulation model of regional economic development, employing the principles of central place theory. The purpose of this project is to facilitate the evaluation of empirical central place studies by indicating what is likely to happen if a region develops according to theoretical principles, but with relaxed, realistic assumptions. This initial model is concerned with techniques for simulating spatial competition in the very simple situation in which a single good is provided to consumers living at fixed locations and with perfectly inelastic demands.The paper first describes the main features of central place theory. It then points out some salient findings of empirical studies of central place systems. Next, the features of the current model are described, and the simulation results are discussed. Finally, plans for further development of the simulation project are indicated.