A simulation-enhanced, spaced learning, interprofessional “code blue” curriculum improves ACLS algorithm adherence and trainee resuscitation skill confidence

Liu

et al. 2023

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

IntroductionMedical emergency response within the hospital involves an interdisciplinary team, including pharmacists. Pharmacist involvement in these teams has increased over time due to published benefits of their involvement. Development of emergency response skills may start during pharmacy residency, although limited data suggest how this is best implemented.ObjectivesLimited data evaluate post‐graduate year 2 (PGY2) pharmacy resident training for emergency response, as well as PGY2 program values for this in screening/ranking candidates, which may help post‐graduate year one (PGY1) pharmacy residents identify residency programs that are a good fit for their career goals.MethodsA list of PGY2 critical care (CC) and emergency medicine (EM) programs were identified. The questionnaire included program demographics, characteristics of PGY2 emergency response training, and PGY2 residency program values of PGY1 emergency response exposure for screening and ranking applicants for their programs. A Fisher's exact test was used to compare differences between CC and EM programs for these outcomes.ResultsA total of 85 complete responses were analyzed (response rate by all identified programs: CC = 36.4%; EM = 32.1%). Emergency response training was often with both core and longitudinal experiences (72.9%), although differed by type of program (p < 0.001). Both CC and EM programs considered PGY1 pharmacy resident exposure to emergency response in screening candidates (33.9% and 57.7%, respectively), as well as ranking candidates (22% and 38.5%, respectively). For CC programs, both Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support certification and quantity of PGY1 emergency response ranked as the most important characteristics, while EM programs ranked quantity as the most important.ConclusionThe results of this survey indicate heterogeneity in PGY2 CC and EM emergency response training. PGY1 applicants for these programs should consider their experience with emergency response as a potential factor in identifying an appropriate program for their training.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Survey of national practices for postgraduate year two critical care and emergency medicine pharmacy residency emergency response training

Liu

et al. 2023

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

“…This is an important distinction, as discussed above if longitudinal development is not emphasized. 20…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that 1–25 emergency responses were the most commonly identified number, this could either be a true reflection of quantity or may be an underestimate if there is no clear way for a resident to document these events. Longitudinal development of emergency response skills is likely necessary, given data suggesting that emergency response skills may degrade if not reinforced, which would be most pertinent if a PGY1 is determined to be able to independently respond at the beginning of their residency year but has no subsequent experience during the rest of their year 20 . In these cases, PGY1 programs may need to seek alternative methods to maintain these important skills such as ongoing simulation activities or written assessments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Survey‐based evaluation of national practices for postgraduate year one pharmacy resident emergency response training

Edmonds

et al. 2023

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

Introduction: Medical emergency response teams optimally involve interdisciplinary expertise, including pharmacists. A pharmacist may make therapy recommendations, prepare medications, and act as a drug information resource, which are important skills for a postgraduate year one pharmacy resident (PGY1) to develop. Limited data exist evaluating current national practices for PGY1 emergency response.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe national practices for PGY1 emergency response. These data may help PGY1 programs identify potential best practices for self-improvement. Methods: An anonymous survey was developed to describe PGY1 emergency response within the United States and electronically distributed to PGY1 residency program directors. The questionnaire included general demographic information along with questions involving pharmacist and pharmacy resident emergency response and training within their institution. A univariate analysis was performed to evaluate potential predictors of survey respondent confidence in PGY1 independent emergency response by the end of the residency year.Results: A total of 178 completed responses were obtained (response rate: 33.0%). The majority of respondents had both pharmacist and PGY1 response at their institution, with response to cardiopulmonary arrest being the most common. Of the 36 programs that did not have pharmacy resident involvement, the most common reason was due to lack of pharmacy response at their institution (61.1%). The majority of programs (68.3%) were confident in the ability for a PGY1 to independently respond by the end of their residency year. Only the number of emergency response by the end of the residency year was a predictor in their confidence of PGY1 independent response (p = 0.002). Conclusion:The majority of PGY1 programs had both pharmacist and pharmacy resident response to medical emergencies. The results of this survey may help PGY1 programs identify potential areas of improvement and help prospective residency candidates identify program characteristics that may best prepare them for emergency response.

“…Longitudinal development is important, as a study that evaluated the integration of pharmacy residents within an interdisciplinary simulation has been shown to improve skills, but these skills may degrade over a period of one month if not reinforced. [20] Potential areas of focus, outside clinical knowledge for developing skills may be based on certain themes, such as communication, adaptability, analytics, focus, and responsibility. [21] It was worth noting that some programs reported that PGY2 pharmacy residents are not able to respond independently by the end of the residency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of National Practices for Postgraduate Year Two Critical Care and Emergency Medicine Pharmacy Residency Emergency Response Training

Liu

et al. 2023

Preprint

Introduction Medical emergency response within the hospital involves an interdisciplinary team, including pharmacists. Pharmacist involvement in these teams has increased over time due to published benefits of their involvement. Development of emergency response skills may start during pharmacy residency, although limited data suggest how this is best implemented. Objectives Limited data evaluate post-graduate year 2 (PGY2) pharmacy resident training for emergency response, as well as PGY2 program values for this in screening/ranking candidates. A survey may help PGY2 programs improve their own programs and allow post-graduate year one (PGY1) pharmacy residents to identify residency programs that are a good fit for their career goals. Methods A list of PGY2 critical care (CC) and emergency medicine (EM) programs were identified. The questionnaire included program demographics, characteristics of PGY2 emergency response training, and PGY2 residency program values of PGY1 emergency response exposure for screening and ranking applicants for their programs. A Fisher's exact test was used to compare differences between CC and EM programs for these outcomes. Results A total of 85 complete responses were analyzed (response rate: CC = 36.4%; EM = 32.1%). Emergency response training was often with both core and longitudinal experiences (72.9%), although differed by type of programs (p<0.001). Both CC and EM programs considered PGY1 pharmacy resident exposure to emergency response in screening candidates (33.9% and 57.7%, respectively), as well as ranking candidates (22% and 38.5%, respectively). For CC programs, both Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support certification and quantity of PGY1 emergency response ranked as the most important characteristics, while EM programs ranked quantity as the most important. Conclusion The results of this survey indicate heterogeneity in PGY2 CC and EM emergency response training. PGY1 applicants for these programs should consider their experience with emergency response as a factor in identifying an appropriate program for their initial training.