A simulation approach on rotor blade electrostatic charging and its effect on the lightning overvoltages in wind parks

Hernández, Y Méndez; Tsovilis, Thomas E.; Asimakopoulou, Fani E.; Politis, Z.; Barton, William; Lozano, Miguel Martínez

doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2015.11.039

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…For example, the energy dissipation of 1 kJ is reached 2 minutes earlier than expected by the simplified model based on the simulation scenario of Fig. 11, which could be critical for the guaranteed safe failure mode of varistor-based SPDs, in terms of the response of the integrated thermal disconnector as well as the estimated time to failure and failure-rate of varistor based SPDs, which are exposed to TOV conditions, such as those installed in wind turbine and PV installations [54], [55].…”

Section: T94mentioning

confidence: 92%

An Experimental Methodology for Modeling the Voltage-Dependent Capacitance and Resistance of Varistors: Implications on the Estimation of the Power and Energy Dissipation at Low Frequencies

Staikos,

Tsovilis

2023

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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In this work, a mathematical formulation is presented for estimating current conduction as well as power and energy dissipation in varistors. An experimental approach is introduced for time-domain modeling of varistors under AC voltages that considers their voltage-dependent capacitance and resistance. An application is made for 120 V zinc-oxide varistors stressed with AC voltages generated by a variable-frequency highpower supply; the voltage at the varistors' terminals is recorded along with the current for a low-frequency (60 Hz -1000 Hz) and amplitude (50 μA -1 A) range. The predicted current conduction through ATP-EMTP simulations is in very good agreement with experimental records, in contrast to the simplified (constantcapacitance) modeling approach that underestimates power and energy dissipation. The effectiveness of the proposed macroscopic modeling approach in the low-frequency range is investigated with emphasis given to 400 Hz, commonly employed in aviation systems; the applicability of the proposed model in the high frequency and current range has been evaluated and discussed with the aid of impulse voltage and current experiments.

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Section: T94mentioning

confidence: 92%

An Experimental Methodology for Modeling the Voltage-Dependent Capacitance and Resistance of Varistors: Implications on the Estimation of the Power and Energy Dissipation at Low Frequencies

Staikos,

Tsovilis

2023

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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“…Electric circuits of vehicles exposed to low-frequency electromagnetic pulses associated with (i) lightning strokes (LEMP) and continuing currents [38], (ii) electrostatic quasi-DC charging of their non-conductive parts [44], (iii) solar storms [45], and (iv) high-altitude nuclear explosions (late-time NEMP) [46], may experience failure since effective coordination is not always feasible. To achieve effective coordination in such events, advanced passive or active coordination approaches are required conceptually described in [31].…”

Section: Coordination Of Movs With Tvss For Low-frequency Surges and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordination of Varistors With Transient Voltage Suppression Diodes in Automotive DC Systems

Staikos,

Hadjicostas,

Peppas

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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The coordination of metal-oxide varistors with transient voltage suppression diodes commonly employed for the protection of sensitive electronic equipment in DC automotive systems is experimentally investigated. Double-exponential impulse currents adopted in relevant standards, concave and rectangular impulse currents resembling field records on lightning-related surge events, as well as temporary overvoltages, are employed to stress the surge protective components and evaluate their coordination. Experimental results and the subsequent analysis reveal that effective coordination of varistors with bidirectional diodes can be a challenging task, especially under long-duration and high-energy electromagnetic pulses. Under such conditions, the safety and uninterrupted operation of vehicles containing low-voltage electrical circuits with embedded sensitive electronic equipment is threatened.

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“…The expected currents are in the order of tens of microamps, increasing by two orders of magnitude compared to the fair-weather predictions. Because of their higher value, now these currents could be dangerous to people, and additionally, they are high enough to permanently damage any electronic device in 𝑣 𝑣 𝑧 𝜔 𝜃 𝑙 𝑅 contact with them [7], [33], like the new sensors installed in wind turbines for the CMS.…”

Section: 'Extrapolation' To Thunderstorm Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Induced Currents to Wind Turbines by the Earth’s Atmospheric Electric Potential: Experiments With Drones

Fontanes¹,

Montanyà²,

Arcanjo³

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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We live in an electrified atmosphere where a potential difference of about 250 kV is established between the ground and the ionosphere. The resulting potential gradient induces electric charges on the objects immersed in the atmosphere, which are more significant in tall objects. Several works have identified interferences to sensors in wind turbine rotor blades being attributed to electrostatic charging of blades. This paper presents a novel experiment using vertical wires lifted by a drone to study the currents resulting under fair-weather atmospheric conditions. Two current components are identified, one resulting in point/corona discharge and the other related to the movement. Based on the experimental results, a model for predicting induced currents on wind turbines is proposed, and estimates for thunderstorm conditions are made. The results presented in this paper are important for designing the electromagnetic compatibility measures to ensure the reliability of multi-megawatt wind turbines with blades equipped with active control systems and higher use of sensors.

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A simulation approach on rotor blade electrostatic charging and its effect on the lightning overvoltages in wind parks

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

An Experimental Methodology for Modeling the Voltage-Dependent Capacitance and Resistance of Varistors: Implications on the Estimation of the Power and Energy Dissipation at Low Frequencies

An Experimental Methodology for Modeling the Voltage-Dependent Capacitance and Resistance of Varistors: Implications on the Estimation of the Power and Energy Dissipation at Low Frequencies

Coordination of Varistors With Transient Voltage Suppression Diodes in Automotive DC Systems

On the Induced Currents to Wind Turbines by the Earth’s Atmospheric Electric Potential: Experiments With Drones

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