The multiaxial fatigue critical plane method can be used to evaluate the extremely-low-cycle fatigue (ELCF) damage of beam-to-column welded joints in steel frameworks subjected to strong seismic activity. In this paper, fatigue damage models using structural detail parameters are studied. Firstly, the fatigue properties obtained from experiments are adopted to assess ELCF life for steel frameworks. In these experiments, two types of welded specimens, namely, plate butt weld (PB) and cruciform load-carrying groove weld (CLG), are designed according to the structural details of steel beam and box column joints, in which both structural details and welded factors are taken into account. Secondly, experiments are performed on three full-scale steel welded beam-to-column joints to determine the contribution of stress and/or strain to damage parameters. Finally, we introduce a modification of the most popular fatigue damage model of Fatemi and Socie (FS), modified by us in a previous study, for damage evaluation, and compare this with Shang and Wang (SW) in order to examine the applicability of the fatigue properties of PB and CLG. This study shows that the modified FS model using the fatigue properties of CLG can predict the crack initiation life and evaluate the damage of beam-to-column welded joints, and can be subsequently used for further investigation of the damage evolution law.Materials 2020, 13, 1768 2 of 21 components [10][11][12], energy dissipation [13][14][15][16][17], or the combination of these two variables [18][19][20][21][22] as a seismic damage parameter. In addition, numerous experiments have also been carried out to evaluate the structural damage of seismic excitations. However, existing studies mostly focus on the ductility and energy dissipation capability of the whole structure or structural component, and ignore the local details of welded joints and the fatigue crack initiation mechanics during the ELCF fracture process, which may lead to inaccurate damage evaluation results.With the application of the micromechanical approach in fracture predictions of welded joints, researchers have paid attention to investigating the fatigue failure behavior [23][24][25][26][27] and severe seismic damage assessments [28][29][30] from the aspect of structural details. From these aspects, the results can be more suitable than traditional methods [26,28]. However, welded joints are always in multiaxial and nonproportional stress states due to their geometrically discontinuous properties, which result in more fatigue damage [31]. Therefore, a suitable model is necessary to correctly describe the effect of multiaxial and nonproportional stress states in fracture predictions for welded joints. The widely accepted critical plane approach is used to determine the damage parameter in a multiaxial nonproportional fatigue damage model. The critical plane approach usually uses the maximum shear plane as the critical damage plane, and takes the maximum shear strain γ max and normal strain ε n on the critical plane as th...