Summary In a closed lung-box system an equilibration process of unevenly distributed pressure was studied. According to the theoretical analysis of the pressure-time curve, a method of obtaining the resistance and compliance of the lungs and thorax simultaneously from the recorded pressure curve was developed. A 100-liter airtight box was used as a capacity box and the pressure in this box was measured during a passive inhalation process, where the box pressure was increased initially to 10-30 cmH2O. The pressure curve obeyed a simple exponential function of inhalation time; thus, the compliance and resistance were estimated from its time constant and initial box pressure values. The compliance was also calculated from the pressure observed at equilibrium. The compliances obtained at the initial transient and final equilibrium stages were referred to as the dynamic (Cd) and static (Cs) compliances, respectively. Measurements were achieved on eight normal subjects. Although the Cd values showed a large dispersion, the mean value obtained in a given subject agreed well with the C. values. On the other hand, the Cs values showed a good reproducibility. Mean values for Cs and Cd were about 0.1 liter/cmH2O. The resistance evaluated by dividing the time constant by the compliance of the lung-box system was nearly identical with that measured by the forced oscillation method. The average value was 2.4 cmH2O/liter/sec.In estimating the work of breathing, total respiratory resistance and compliance are terms of great importance. Up to the present time resistance and compliance have been measured in most cases under different conditions ; that is, the former has been measured under static conditions and the latter under dynamic conditions (ROHRER, 1916;RAHN et al., 1946; DUBIIS et al., 1956). In 1963 MCILROY and his co-workers developed a new method for measuring both resistance and compliance under the same conditions. When a subject