A simplified grounding damage prediction method and its application in modern damage stability requirements

Cohesive zone modeling and calibration for mode I tearing of large ductile plates

“…A recent study by the present authors [29] compared the use of these special elements in plate tearing simulations with an approach based on a cohesive zone. Similar efforts have been recently undertaken by other authors [1,18,19].…”

A simplified method to predict grounding damage of double bottom tankers

“…[5] and [15] it can be concluded that the transverse bulkheads increase the average horizontal grounding force level approximately 15%. This contribution was omitted in the present study and the focus was on the double-bottom structures as the main contributor to the grounding resistance.…”

“…A simple formula was developed by Minorsky [4] who used accidental statistics and found that the dissipated energy is proportional to the volume of the damaged material. Inspired by this approach, Simonsen [5] used rock width, assumed equal to the damage width, and equivalent plate thickness to evaluate the grounding force and damage. The opening width was not explicitly discussed.…”

Structural response of stranded ships

“…In hard grounding analysis authors have focused on penetration and crushing mechanisms by the hard obstruction (see e.g. Amdahl et al [2], Kulzep [33], Naar et al [44] Peschmann [54], Simonsen and Wierzbicki [73], Simonsen [69], [72] and Zhang and Suzuki [85]). This resembles the collision problem.…”