A method of improving the spatial resolution of radiant optical fiber temperature sensor is proposed in this paper. The front lens of the sensor is designed to limit the diameter of the thermometry target. For the purpose of avoiding limiting the influence of thermometry target diameter on the sensor radiation-light coupling ability, a mathematical model of radiation-light coupling of sensor is established, and the relationship between the radiation-light coupling ability of sensor and the diameter of thermometry target is analyzed. Furthermore, an aspherical lens is applied to reduce the influence of aberration on the diameter of thermometry target. The experimental results show that the deviation between the actual temperature measuring target diameter and the theoretical design value is less than 0.2 mm. The radiation received by the sensor outside the temperature measuring target is less than 10% of its total received radiation. Moreover, when there are radiated light interference outside the temperature measurement target, the temperature measurement error of the sensor is only 0.21% - 2.61%, indicating the proposed method has practical significance in improving the spatial resolution of temperature measurement.