A simplified, colorimetric micromethod for xylose in serum or urine, with phloroglucinol.

Eberts, T J; Sample, R H; Glick, Melvin R.; Ellis, G. H.

doi:10.1093/clinchem/25.8.1440

Cited by 183 publications

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“…Blood was centrifuged immediately in heparinized tubes (2500 Â g, 25 min, 4 8C) and the plasma frozen at À28 8C until analyzed. The plasma D-xylose concentration was determined spectrophotometrically by the method of Eberts et al (1979). Time curves of the D-xylose plasma concentrations between 0 and 3.5 h post-administration were constructed, and each animal's absorptive capacity was expressed as the area under the curve (AUC 0-3.5 ).…”

Section: Assessment Of the Intestinal Absorptive Capacity For D-xylosementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cryptosporidium parvum infection on the absorptive capacity and paracellular permeability of the small intestine in neonatal calves

Klein

Kleinová

Volek

et al. 2008

Veterinary Parasitology

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Cryptosporidium parvum is recognized as one of the most important pathogens causing enteritis and severe diarrhoea in calves up to 1 month of age. Although the infection may be responsible for some mortality, its impact is mainly associated with the impairment of intestinal functions and lower performance of animals. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cryptosporidiosis on the intestinal functions in neonatal experimentally infected Holstein calves. Absorption tests with d-xylose and retinyl-palmitate, and the lactulose/mannitol test of intestinal permeability were simultaneously performed in 1-week intervals from challenge to full recovery. In infected animals, reduced intestinal absorptive capacity for both D-xylose and retinyl-palmitate was observed on day 7 post-infection (p.i.). At the same time, a more than 100% elevation of intestinal permeability was observed in the infected calves. All intestinal functions, except absorption of retinyl-palmitate, were significantly affected and changes were detected up to day 14 p.i. In contrast, results of all tests obtained on day 21 p.i. suggest full recovery of the infected intestine. Significantly, growth of the calves which had recovered from cryptosporidiosis was still affected between days 14 and 21 p.i.

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Section: Assessment Of the Intestinal Absorptive Capacity For D-xylosementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cryptosporidium parvum infection on the absorptive capacity and paracellular permeability of the small intestine in neonatal calves

Klein

Kleinová

Volek

et al. 2008

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…Samples were thawed immediately prior to assays. Xylose was assayed in supernatants by the phloroglucinol method (Eberts et al, 1979) against a pure xylose standard. Xylitol was assayed in supernatants using a commercially available kit (R-Biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany).…”

Section: Assay Of Xylose Xylitol Glycerol and Ethanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of population genetics to derive nonrecombinantSaccharomyces cerevisiaestrains that grow using xylose as a sole carbon source

Attfield

Bell

2006

FEMS Yeast Research

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According to scientific dogma, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cannot grow utilizing xylose as a sole carbon source. Although recombinant DNA technology has overcome this deficiency to some degree, efficient utilization of xylose appears to require complex global changes in gene expression. This complexity provides a significant challenge to the development of yeasts suitable for the utilization of xylose-rich lignocellulosic substrates. In contrast to the dogma, we have found that native strains of S. cerevisiae can grow on xylose as a sole carbon source, albeit very slowly. This observation provided the basis for a new approach using natural selection to develop strains of S. cerevisiae with improved ability to utilize xylose. By applying natural selection and breeding over an extended period, we have developed S. cerevisiae strains that can double in less than 6 h using xylose as a sole carbon source. Strains with improved growth rate possessed increased xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase activities, with the latter showing the greater improvement. This unique, completely nonrecombinant approach to developing xylose-utilizing strains of S. cerevisiae opens an alternative route to the development of yeast that can fully utilize lignocellulosic substrates.

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“…Reducing disaccharide 2 [b-d-Galp-(134)-Xylp] has been reported to be useful for evaluating intestinal lactase activity by estimating the amount of d-xylose eliminated in the urine [22]. On the other hand, the novel disaccharide 1 Recently the beneficial protective effects of oligosaccharides in human milk have been published [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of β1,4‐ and β1,β1‐galactopyranosyl xylopyranosides in the mammary gland of lactating cow

Hara

Suyama

2000

European Journal of Biochemistry

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Lactose is a principal carbohydrate in nearly all species of mammalian milk. In order to examine the acceptor substrate specificity of lactose synthase in vivo, d-xylose as an acceptor substrate was injected into the jugular vein of a Holstein cow during lactation, then a milk sample obtained by milking. b1,b1-galactopyranosyl xylopyranoside, a nonreducing disaccharide, was separated from the bovine milk sample after elimination of reducing sugars, identified by fast-atom bombardment (FAB)-MS and 1 H-NMR analysis. A mixture of b1,b1-and b1,4-galactopyranosyl xylopyranoside fractions was also obtained by thin layer chromatography from the milk sample and elucidated by electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS and 1 H NMR analysis. Comparison of the integrated intensity of the products shows that the b1,b1 and b1,4 isomers are present in a ratio of 1.0 : 1.4, suggesting that d-xylose, transported from capillary blood across the plasma membrane of the mammary gland, was recognized by lactose synthase in its normal and reverse orientation owing to high symmetry of its structure. While the b1,4-isomer is known as a fragment of the linkage region between the protein and the polysaccharide chain of proteoglycans, the b1,b1-isomer has not been identified in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that galactosylation of d-xylose transported from the capillary blood can occur by lactose synthase catalysis in the mammary gland while the usual galactosylation of d-glucose proceeds. In addition, these results suggest that the possibility of endogenous occurrence of the b,b-trehalose type disaccharide in the mammary gland of lactating mammals may not be ruled out.

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A simplified, colorimetric micromethod for xylose in serum or urine, with phloroglucinol.

Cited by 183 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Cryptosporidium parvum infection on the absorptive capacity and paracellular permeability of the small intestine in neonatal calves

Effect of Cryptosporidium parvum infection on the absorptive capacity and paracellular permeability of the small intestine in neonatal calves

Use of population genetics to derive nonrecombinantSaccharomyces cerevisiaestrains that grow using xylose as a sole carbon source

Biosynthesis of β1,4‐ and β1,β1‐galactopyranosyl xylopyranosides in the mammary gland of lactating cow

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