A Simplified Approach for the Determination of Penetrant Residual Velocity for Penetration Processes

Abstract

The study’s main aim was to predict the penetrant residual velocity, with it being a vital output parameter in the projectile target interaction. The ballistics have been probed on a wide spectrum of impact velocities for different applications. Determination of the residual velocity by analytical methods entails the use of the impulse momentum principle, and the process is further challenged by the necessary inclusion of various variables that directly affect the calculation of the residual velocity. These problems can be overcome by adopting a non-dimensional approach by determining the combination of variables required for the penetration process by carrying out and validating the non-dimensionalization of the pertinent variables. The process discussed in this study provides a reasonable correlation of the non-dimensional parameters, which was used to estimate and validate penetrant residual velocity. A generalized solution predicting the penetrator residual velocity for a wide range of materials for a variety of impact velocities is proposed. The result of this correlation was validated against the published data, and the method was largely in agreement, showing the robustness of the proposed finding.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Heat Transfer Analysis of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger and Flow Characteristics Using Nanofluid TiO2 with Water

“…Based on the experimental work conducted by Duangthongsuk et al [14], the numerical model was validated and compared with Equations ( 20) and (21), which were recognised by Pak and Cho and by Xuan and Li.…”

“…These parameters' nondimensional form, which covers a wide range of heat transfer process operation, is crucial for reducing the dimension of the parameter space. These independent parameters were cast in nondimensional form, and the number of nondimensional parameters needed was determined using the Buckingham π Theorem [21] in order to ascertain which of them significantly affected the convective heat transfer coefficient. The convective heat transfer coefficient can be determined directly from the Nusselt number, as can be seen from Equation (19), where the Nusselt number is a function of the Reynolds number, the Prandtl number and a host of additional independent factors, and the purpose for Nusselt number can be expressed in written form:…”