CrN microspheres were synthesized by using a cathodic arc plasma source system. The obtained samples were annealed in air at temperatures of 300-800 ℃ for 60 min. The influence of annealing temperature on the microstructure and surface morphology of the CrN microspheres was investigated. The CrN microspheres were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that the CrN nanoparticles arranged into leaf-like structures before annealing. With the rising of the annealing temperature, the size of CrN crystal nanoparticals became larger. When the annealing temperature exceeded the oxidation point (500 ℃), the CrN was oxidized and the leaf-like structure was broken. With further increase of the annealing temperature (700 ℃), the arrangement of CrN nanoparticles was changed from leaf-like structure to be discrete. Nanocomposite coating materials have recently attracted increasing interest due to the possibility of synthesizing materials with technologically useful property combinations, e.g. hardness, low elastic modulus and low friction [1][2][3][4][5] . Among these materials, chromium nitride (CrN) is well suited to wearable and anti-corrosive applications based on its promising characteristics, such as good corrosion resistance, lower friction coefficient and good oxidation resistance [6] . Therefore, much effort is being put into the development of CrN films for industrial applications, but there are only a few reports on preparation of CrN nanostructures. The synthesis of metallic nitrides nanomaterials have attracted lots of research interests since the last decade of 20th century, many approaches have been developed for the preparation of chromium nitride, including cathodic arc plasma (CAP) technology [7] , direct thermal solid-state reaction [6] , thermal nitridation synthesis [8] , simple nitrification route [9] , plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy [10] , ammonia nitridation approach [11] , simple thermal decomposition-nitridation route [12] , benzene-thermal route [13] , and so on. CAP is a mature technology for CrN deposition and has been optimized in the past years. But the research on CAP used for nanostructure CrN microspheres is very few.Nanostructures exhibit a wide range of electronic and optical properties, which sensitively depend on their sizes and shapes [14] . Nanostructured transition metal nitrides with large surface areas are promising because