A Simple Strategy to Reduce the NDZ Caused by the Parallel Operation of DER-Inverters

Voglitsis, Dionisis; Valsamas, Fotis; Papanikolaou, Nick; Tsimtsios, Aristotelis M.; Perpinias, Ioannis; Korkas, Christos

doi:10.3390/cleantechnol2010002

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…The distortion imposed by the algorithm creates a phase difference between the inverter output current and the PCC voltage that can be deduced through the substitution of Equation ( 15) for (14), as (16).…”

Section: Active Phase Jump With Positive Feedback (Apjpf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the monitoring of some electrical variable behavior, active AIP inserts small perturbations to destabilize the inverter after the islanding occurrence [15]. Although its implementation is inherently linked to the power quality degradation, its adoption is justified by the mitigation of the Non-Detection Zone (NDZ) problem, which will be addressed in the next sections [16]. Among the major representative of this class, it is possible to highlight Active Frequency Drift (AFD) [17], Sandia Frequency Shift (SFS) [18], Slip Mode Shift (SMS) [19], and Active Frequency Drift with Pulsating Chopping Factor (AFDPCF) [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementation and Critical Analysis of the Active Phase Jump with Positive Feedback Anti-Islanding Algorithm

2022

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The protection against the unintentional islanding of Grid-Tied inverters is an important electrical security issue addressed by the main Standards. This concern is justified in face of the fact that unintentional islanding can lead to abrupt variations of voltage and frequency, electrical damages, professional accidents, power quality degradation, and out-of-phase reclosure. In response to the islanding concern, the literature has proposed several Anti-Islanding Protection (AIP) schemes that can be divided in passive and active methods. Many of the active AIP is based on the insertion of some disturbance in the inverter current in order to deviate the frequency out of the allowed thresholds, tripping the inverter internal disconnection system. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the performance of the Active Phase Jump with Positive Feedback (APJPF) algorithm compared to other well-known frequency drift-based solutions. More than that, this work covers the Non-Detection Zone (NDZ) problem, analyzing its main mapping methodologies and the normative requirements, exposing the minimum normative recommendations a given AIP must reach to be considered functional. The last contributions of this paper are the proposal of a parametrization criterion for the Active Frequency Drift with Pulsating Chopping Factor (AFDPCF) and for the APJPF.

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Section: Active Phase Jump With Positive Feedback (Apjpf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation and Critical Analysis of the Active Phase Jump with Positive Feedback Anti-Islanding Algorithm

2022

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“…While Helbig et al assess the supply risk of lithium‐ion battery materials, 17 others assess several clean or sustainable energy technologies such as for example LEDs, PV systems, wind turbines, electric vehicles and more 25‐30 . Some of these studies also include material criticality assessments of fuel cells 25,26,28,29 and water electrolysers 25 . With the exception of Voglitsis et al, no differentiation between the available fuel cell‐/electrolysis technologies is performed 29 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these studies also include material criticality assessments of fuel cells 25,26,28,29 and water electrolysers 25 . With the exception of Voglitsis et al, no differentiation between the available fuel cell‐/electrolysis technologies is performed 29 . While not incorporating hydrogen technologies in their own studies, Moss et al recommend the conduction of criticality analysis for fuel cells and hydrogen technologies 27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical materials for water electrolysers at the example of the energy transition in Germany

Kiemel

Smolinka

Lehner³

et al. 2021

Int J Energy Res

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Summary The present work aims to identify critical materials in water electrolysers with potential future supply constraints. The expected rise in demand for green hydrogen as well as the respective implications on material availability are assessed by conducting a case study for Germany. Furthermore, the recycling of end‐of‐life (EoL) electrolysers is evaluated concerning its potential in ensuring the sustainable supply of the considered materials. As critical materials bear the risk of raising production costs of electrolysers substantially, this article examines the readiness of this technology for industrialisation from a material perspective. Except for titanium, the indicators for each assessed material are scored with a moderate to high (platinum) or mostly high (iridium, scandium and yttrium) supply risk. Hence, the availability of these materials bears the risk of hampering the scale‐up of electrolysis capacity. Although conventional recycling pathways for platinum, iridium and titanium already exist, secondary material from EoL electrolysers will not reduce the dependence on primary resources significantly within the period under consideration—from 2020 until 2050. Notably, the materials identified as critical are used in PEM and high temperature electrolysis, whereas materials in alkaline electrolysis are not exposed to significant supply risks.

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A Simple Strategy to Reduce the NDZ Caused by the Parallel Operation of DER-Inverters

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Implementation and Critical Analysis of the Active Phase Jump with Positive Feedback Anti-Islanding Algorithm

Implementation and Critical Analysis of the Active Phase Jump with Positive Feedback Anti-Islanding Algorithm

Critical materials for water electrolysers at the example of the energy transition in Germany

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