An efficient and scalable synthesis
of the immunomodulating drug
fingolimod hydrochloride has been developed with the aziridine regioselective
ring-opening reaction as a key step. This manuscript describes design,
detailed synthetic route scouting, and optimization study of the aziridine
ring-opening reaction. As a starting material for the polar part of
the fingolimod molecule, cheap, common, and widely commercially available
tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane was used. n-Octyl
group was introduced into the molecule either via Kumada or Negishi
cross-couplings, or alternatively by Sonogashira cross-coupling followed
by hydrogenation. The final step consists of a one-pot acidic deprotection
both of the acetonide and Boc group, providing thus highly pure fingolimod
hydrochloride from the crude reaction mixture directly. The described
process is highly effective, is industrially applicable, and has been
successfully applied to 500 g scales of the target product.