A simple, rapid, interpretable, actionable and implementable digital PCR based mortality index

Abstract

Mortality assessments are conducted for both civil and commercial purposes. Recent advances in epigenetics have resulted in DNA methylation tools to assess risk and aid in this task. However, widely available array-based algorithms are not readily translatable into clinical tools and do not provide a good foundation for clinical recommendations. Further, recent work shows evidence of heritability and possible racial bias in these indices. Using a publicly available array data set, the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), we develop and test a five-locus mortality-risk algorithm using only previously validated methylation biomarkers that have been shown to be free of racial bias, and that provide specific assessments of smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes and heart disease. We show that a model using age, sex and methylation measurements at these five loci outperforms the 513 probe Levine index and approximates the predictive power of the 1030 probe GrimAge index. We then show each of the five loci in our algorithm can be assessed using a more powerful, reference-free digital PCR approach, further demonstrating that it is readily clinically translatable. Finally, we show the loci do not reflect ethnically specific variation. We conclude that this algorithm is a simple, yet powerful tool for assessing mortality risk. We further suggest that the output from this or similarly derived algorithms using either array or digital PCR can be used to provide powerful feedback to patients, guide recommendations for additional medical assessments, and help monitor the effect of public health prevention interventions.

Childhood adversity predicts black young adults’ DNA methylation-based accelerated aging: A dual pathway model

“…First, LHS substance use behavior had a much stronger association with GRIM (r = .366) than with other DNA m -Bio indices (r's between −.006 and −.113), or with the DNA m -CA measures (r's between −.011 and −.038) and it accounts for the significant positive association of the behavioral pathway with DNA m -Bio. Given recent findings by Lei et al (2020) that smoking was more strongly linked to GRIM than to other DNA methylation-based indices of aging, this underscores the likely importance of increased exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons (see Philibert et al, 2021) as a primary mechanism linking the behavioral pathway to accelerated aging on the GRIM measure. Conversely, the danger/FKBP5 pathway was robust across DNA methylation-based indices of aging, suggesting its effects are not tied to substance use, or at least not to smoking.…”