A simple, rapid and sensitive presence/absence detection test for bacteriophage in drinking water

Armon, Robert; Kott, Yehuda

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1993.tb05159.x

Cited by 42 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Chloroform does not affect the activity of bacteriophages; moreover, it kills bacteria present in the phage filtrates [28,29]. Bacterial cell debris was removed by filtration, and the obtained filtrates were tested for lytic phages using Adams double layer agar method with small modifications (5% glycerol) [30] and spot assays [31]. The titers of each phage, isolated against MDR-bacteria from septic wounds, were expressed in plaque forming units (PFU -1 ), and the antibacterial efficacy of isolated phages was evaluated by a spot assay and by the double layer agar method, as described by Sambrook [32].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and in vitro evaluation of bacteriophages against MDR-bacterial isolates from septic wound infections

et al. 2017

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Multi-drug resistance has become a major problem for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections. The use of bacteriophages is an attractive approach to overcome the problem of drug resistance in several pathogens that cause fatal diseases. Our study aimed to isolate multi drug resistant bacteria from patients with septic wounds and then isolate and apply bacteriophages in vitro as alternative therapeutic agents. Pus samples were aseptically collected from Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Science (RIMS), Kadapa, A.P., and samples were analyzed by gram staining, evaluating morphological characteristics, and biochemical methods. MDR-bacterial strains were collected using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against a variety of antibiotics. Bacteriophages were collected and tested in vitro for lytic activity against MDR-bacterial isolates. Analysis of the pus swab samples revealed that the most of the isolates detected had Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the predominant bacterium, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Our results suggested that gram-negative bacteria were more predominant than gram-positive bacteria in septic wounds; most of these isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin, vancomycin and tetracycline. All the gram-positive isolates (100%) were multi-drug resistant, whereas 86% of the gram-negative isolates had a drug resistant nature. Further bacteriophages isolated from sewage demonstrated perfect lytic activity against the multi-drug resistant bacteria causing septic wounds. In vitro analysis of the isolated bacteriophages demonstrated perfect lysis against the corresponding MDR-bacteria, and these isolated phages may be promising as a first choice for prophylaxis against wound sepsis, Moreover, phage therapy does not enhance multi-drug resistance in bacteria and could work simultaneously on a wide variety of MDR-bacteria when used in a bacteriophage cocktail. Hence, our results suggest that these bacteriophages could be potential therapeutic options for treating septic wounds caused by P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae and E. coli.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and in vitro evaluation of bacteriophages against MDR-bacterial isolates from septic wound infections

et al. 2017

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“…They are the most ubiquitous organisms on Earth, with the numbers estimated to be 10 30 e10 32 (Ackermann and Wegrzyn, 2014). Phages can be isolated from the environment, water, and the fresh foods we eat, and are common components of the microflora of the human gut (Armon and Kott, 1993;Bergh et al, 1989;Breitbart et al, 2003;Gautier et al, 1995;Hsu et al, 2002;Kennedy et al, 1986;Whitman and Marshall, 1971a, b). Virulent (lytic) bacteriophages infect bacteria, resulting in lysis of the bacteria (i.e., their action is bactericidal) while replicating themselves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Bacteriophage cocktail significantly reduces or eliminates Listeria monocytogenes contamination on lettuce, apples, cheese, smoked salmon and frozen foods

et al. 2015

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“…Techniques have been described for shortening the time required to obtain results (Armon and Kott, 1993;Ijzerman et al, 1994). An analysis of these procedures revealed that they have merit for certain purposes.…”

Section: Rapid Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophages: update on application as models for viruses in water

Grabow¹

2004

WSA

184

230

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Phages are valuable models or surrogates for enteric viruses because they share many fundamental properties and features. Among these are structure, composition, morphology, size and site of replication. Even though they use different host cells, coliphages and Bacteroides fragilis phages predominantly replicate in the gastro-intestinal tract of humans and warm-blooded animals where enteric viruses also replicate. A major advantage of phages is that, compared to viruses, they are detectable by simple, inexpensive and rapid techniques. In view of these features, phages are particularly useful as models to assess the behaviour and survival of enteric viruses in the environment, and as surrogates to assess the resistance of human viruses to water treatment and disinfection processes. Since there is no direct correlation between numbers of phages and viruses, phages cannot to a meaningful extent be used to indicate numbers of viruses in polluted water. The presence of phages typically associated with human and animal excreta indicates the potential presence of enteric viruses. However, the absence of these phages from water environments is generally a meaningful indication of the absence of enteric viruses. This is because phages such as somatic coliphages, F-RNA coliphages and B. fragilis phages generally outnumber enteric viruses in water environments, and they are at least as resistant to unfavourable conditions including those in water treatment and disinfection processes. However, using highly sensitive molecular techniques viruses have been detected in drinking water supplies which yielded negative results in conventional tests for phages. Initially, data on phages were rather confusing because a wide variety of techniques was used. However, techniques for the detection of phages are being standardised internationally. This applies in particular to somatic and F-RNA coliphages, and B. fragilis phages, which are most commonly used in water quality assessment. Reliable and practical techniques now available include direct quantitative plaque assays on samples of water up to 100 ml, and qualitative tests on 500 ml or more using highly sensitive enrichment procedures.

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A simple, rapid and sensitive presence/absence detection test for bacteriophage in drinking water

Cited by 42 publications

References 17 publications

Isolation and in vitro evaluation of bacteriophages against MDR-bacterial isolates from septic wound infections

Isolation and in vitro evaluation of bacteriophages against MDR-bacterial isolates from septic wound infections

Bacteriophage cocktail significantly reduces or eliminates Listeria monocytogenes contamination on lettuce, apples, cheese, smoked salmon and frozen foods

Bacteriophages: update on application as models for viruses in water

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