A simple, rapid and low cost reversed-phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of Na, K, Ca and Mg in biodiesel

Determination of metals in Pork Lard: A rapid and low cost sample preparation by RP-DLLME

“…Priego-Capote and Castro (2004) point out that ultrasound can perform extractions involving transfers from the organic phase to the aqueous phase without the need for additional emulsifying agents, which can be observed from the results obtained in this work. In other studies using the RP-DLLME methodology, some authors reported the use of ultrasound and kept a positive in uence on its use When evaluating the results (Figure 4), it can be observed that there was a signi cant difference between the tests with 10 min and without the use of ultrasound for the analytes evaluated (p<0.05), and the use of ultrasound has a positive in uence on the microextraction results of these metals for lard, except for Mg, which showed no signi cant difference (p<0.05) with and without the use of ultrasound, a result similar to that observed by Lourenço et al (2019) in the microextraction of this analyte in biodiesel. For 5 and 10 min, there was no signi cant difference at the 5% level between the analytes evaluated; however, the lowest standard deviations were obtained with 10 min of ultrasound, and to standardize for all metals, including Mg, the analyses were continued with 10 min of ultrasound.…”

Inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) for the analysis of fuels, biofuels and their feedstock using a high temperature total consumption sample introduction system operated under continuous sample aspiration mode

“…13 The determination of phosphorous by ICP-MS is complex due to high ionization energy, poor sensitivity and linearity, as well as the severe polyatomic interferences. The quantication of 31…”

“…Other elements (e.g., Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni or Si) are incorporated to the nal biodiesel as additives. 23,[31][32][33] Silicon was detected in all the plastic pyrolysis oils (PO1-PO4) at high concentrations and sulfur and zinc also reported concentrations in the mg kg À1 range for three samples (Table 9). These elements could be present in the polymer feedstock or be transferred to the pyrolysis oils during the transport, storage, or production processes.…”

The use of ultrasound in the South Cone region. Advances in organic and inorganic synthesis and in analytical methods

“…Other investigations were discussed in Table 1 , which describes the devices used and, in some of them, the effects of ultrasound on extraction efficiency [88] , [89] , [90] , [91] . On the other hand, some investigations in metal extractions were reported in the literature, in which different extraction methodologies using ultrasound energy, microwave irradiation [92] , [93] and vortex [94] were compared. In these cases, the best extractions were not achieved using ultrasound energy.…”