A simple procedure for the quantitative extraction of extravasated dye in skin tissue

Ankier, S. I.; Whiteside, M.L.

doi:10.1016/0006-2952(69)90325-6

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Nitta et al recovered pontamine sky blue from the skin of adult male albino rabbits with recovery rates from 72.5 to 93.5% depending on the injected concentration . Ankier et al extracted pontamine sky blue from mouse pinna with over 96% (96.1 ± 4.7%) . Harada et al recovered azovan blue (evans blue) with recoveries of 96% and trypan blue with >90% from the skin of rats .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Establishment of an Extraction Method for the Recovery of Tattoo Pigments from Human Skin Using HPLC Diode Array Detector Technology

et al. 2006

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Tattooing is a widespread process of puncturing pigments into skin, whereas the resulting concentration inside the skin remains unknown. Many tattoo colorants are organic pigments, such as azo pigments, manufactured for other uses. To remove tattoos from skin, laser pulses at very high intensities are applied to the skin to destroy the tattoo pigments. Recent investigations have shown that several azo compounds are cleaved by laser light leading to potentially toxic or carcinogenic compounds. To assess the risk of tattooing and laser treatment of tattoos, the concentration of the pigments and their decomposition products in the skin must be determined. Therefore, an extraction method was established to determine the concentration of tattoo pigments and decomposition products quantitatively. The extraction of two widely used azo compounds, Pigment Red 22 and Pigment Red 9, and their laser-induced decomposition products, 2-methyl-5-nitroaniline, 4-nitrotoluene, 2,5-dichloraniline, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene, was accomplished using recovery experiments and HPLC-DAD technology. Despite the poor solubility of the pigments, a nearly complete recovery from aqueous suspension (>92%) or lysed skin (> 94%) was achieved. The decomposition products were extracted from aqueous suspension or skin showing a recovery of up to 100%, except for the very volatile 1,4-DCB.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…38 Ankier et al extracted pontamine sky blue from mouse pinna with over 96% (96.1 ( 4.7%). 39 Harada et al recovered azovan blue (evans blue) with recoveries of 96% and trypan blue with >90% from the skin of rats. 40 These three groups based their calculations on photometric measurements of the supernatant of extracted skin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of an Extraction Method for the Recovery of Tattoo Pigments from Human Skin Using HPLC Diode Array Detector Technology

et al. 2006

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“…Of several methods for achieving this some do not give satisfactory recovery (Jancs&Gibor, Szolcsinyi & Jancs6, 1967), while others are laborious (Nitta, Hayashi & Norimatsu, 1963;Judah & Willoughby, 1962). The dye can be determined quantitatively by relatively simple procedures (Ankier & Whiteside, 1969;Udaka, Takeuchi & Movat, 1970), but this takes a long time at relatively high temperatures. We previously proposed a method in which the chopped skin is violently agitated in a mixed solvent of acetone and a commercial detergent, Emal, in a homoblendor for 15 min (Harada, Takeuchi & Katagiri, 1966).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Simple Method for the Quantitative Extraction of Dye Extravasated into the Skin

Harada

Takeuchi

Fukao

et al. 1971

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

155

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Dextran‐induced edema formation in mouse ear: A pharmacological evaluation

Wauwe

Goossens

1986

Drug Development Research

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Van Wauwe, J.P. and J.G. Goossens: Dextran-induced edema formation in mouse ear: A pharmacological evaluation. Drug Dev. Res. 8:213-218, 1986. Intravenous injection of dextran T500 and pontamine sky-blue dye into mice results in increased vascular permeability and edema formation, characterized by an intense blueing of the ears. By determining the amount of extravasated dye, we compared a number of S2-serotonin antagonists, Hi-and H2-antihistamines, anticholinergics, and inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes for their effects on ear edema. All S2-antagonists tested (cinanserin, cyproheptadine, ketanserin, and ritanserin) dose-dependently suppressed ear blueing. Some HI-antihistamines (astemizole and azatadine) were also inhibitory, but other Hi-antagonists (brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, levocabastine, and pyrilamine) failed to weaken the reaction. The anti-dextran activity of the HI-blockers seemed to be related to their ability to abolish serotonin-induced vascular permeability of the mouse ear. Of the compounds interfering with arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes, only BW 755C, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, proved active. The cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors indomethacin and suprofen, the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor dazoxiben, the H2-antagonists cimetidine and ranitidine, and the anticholinergics isopropamide and hexamethonium were inactive. These data provide evidence that the dextran-induced edema formation in mouse ear is predominantly mediated by serotonin, but they also suggest a participating role for a lipoxygenase-derived arachidonic acid metabolite(s).

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A simple procedure for the quantitative extraction of extravasated dye in skin tissue

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Establishment of an Extraction Method for the Recovery of Tattoo Pigments from Human Skin Using HPLC Diode Array Detector Technology

Establishment of an Extraction Method for the Recovery of Tattoo Pigments from Human Skin Using HPLC Diode Array Detector Technology

A Simple Method for the Quantitative Extraction of Dye Extravasated into the Skin

Dextran‐induced edema formation in mouse ear: A pharmacological evaluation

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