A simple neutron guide tube and diffractometer for small-angle scattering of cold neutrons

Haywood, B. C.; Worcester, David L.

doi:10.1088/0022-3735/6/6/025

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The possibility of studying myelin using neutron diffraction was first demonstrated over 45 years ago (Parsons & Akers, 1969); however, there have only been a few follow-up studies directly addressing questions of myelin biology: Haywood and Worcester analyzed canine sciatic nerves to demonstrate the capability of a new neutron instrument (Haywood & Worcester, 1973); Kirschner and coworkers demonstrated hydrogendeuterium contrast variation and H 2 O-D 2 O exchange kinetics in rabbit sciatic nerves (Kirschner et al, 1976); Worcester and Ibel examined contrast variation in rabbit and frog sciatic nerves and presented low-resolution diffraction from rabbit optic nerves in D 2 O (as cited by Worcester, 1976); and Scott and coworkers attempted to determine the localization of deuterium-labelled cholesterol in rat sciatic nerves (Scott et al, 1980). Although foundational, this research was severely limited by early neutron technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron scattering from myelin revisited: bilayer asymmetry and water-exchange kinetics

Denninger

Demé

Cristiglio

et al. 2014

Acta Cryst D Biol Crystallogr

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Rapid nerve conduction in the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS, respectively) of higher vertebrates is brought about by the ensheathment of axons with myelin, a lipid-rich, multilamellar assembly of membranes. The ability of myelin to electrically insulate depends on the regular stacking of these plasma membranes and on the presence of a number of specialized membrane-protein assemblies in the sheath, including the radial component, Schmidt-Lanterman incisures and the axo-glial junctions of the paranodal loops. The disruption of this fine-structure is the basis for many demyelinating neuropathies in the CNS and PNS. Understanding the processes that govern myelin biogenesis, maintenance and destabilization requires knowledge of myelin structure; however, the tight packing of internodal myelin and the complexity of its junctional specializations make myelin a challenging target for comprehensive structural analysis. This paper describes an examination of myelin from the CNS and PNS using neutron diffraction. This investigation revealed the dimensions of the bilayers and aqueous spaces of myelin, asymmetry between the cytoplasmic and extracellular leaflets of the membrane, and the distribution of water and exchangeable hydrogen in internodal multilamellar myelin. It also uncovered differences between CNS and PNS myelin in their water-exchange kinetics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron scattering from myelin revisited: bilayer asymmetry and water-exchange kinetics

Denninger

Demé

Cristiglio

et al. 2014

Acta Cryst D Biol Crystallogr

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“…We have considered a series of different models and have been able to find only one model that is Nucleic Acids Research able to satisfy all our scattering data from the core particle. The model24 suggests the way in which tetrameric histone core protein complexes 1 consisting of histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, combine to form the octameric core in the core particle. The DNA is located in two loops, possibly turns of a shallow helix, at the top and bottom of an oblate structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of the chromatin core particle in solution

Pardon¹,

et al. 1977

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The shape and size of the nucleosomal core particle from chromatin has been examined by analysis of neutron and X-ray scattering data from dilute solutions. Calculations of scattering for many different models have been made and only one model was able to account for both the X-ray and neutron profiles. This model is an oblate structure with height about 5OX and diameter 110X. The DNA is mainly confined to two annuli located at the top and bottom respectively of the core particle positioned on the outside of a compact protein core which has a height of about 40X and diameter about 73X.

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“…SANS instruments are now in operation at many research reactors (Haywood & Worcester, 1973;Hofmeyr, Meyer & Tillwick, 1979;Kjems, Bauer, Christensen, Freltoft, Jensen & Linderholm, 1985) including, in the United States, those at Brookhaven (Schoenborn, Alberi, Saxena & Fischer, 1978), Oak Ridge (Koehler, Hendricks, Child, King, Lin & Wignall, 1981;Child & Spooner, 1980) and the University of Missouri (Mildner, Berliner, Pringle & King, 1981). SANS instruments based on time-of-flight techniques are also now in operation or under development at the pulsed neutron sources at Argonne (Carpenter & Faber, 1978) and Los Alamos (Seeger, Williams & Trewhella, 1986) National Laboratories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The small-angle neutron scattering spectrometer at the National Bureau of Standards

Glinka¹,

Rowe²,

LaRock³

1986

J Appl Cryst

127

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A small-angle neutron scattering spectrometer, suitable for the study of structural and magnetic inhomogeneities in materials in the 10 to 1000A, range, has been constructed at the National Bureau of Standards Research Reactor. The instrument is 8 m long and utilizes a mechanical velocity selector and pinhole collimation to provide a continuous incident beam whose wavelength is variable from 5 to 10 A,. The neutron detector is a 65 x 65 cm position-sensitive proportional counter which pivots about the sample position to extend the angular range of the spectrometer. Features unique to this instrument include a multibeam converging collimation system for highresolution measurements and an interactive color graphics terminal with specialized software for the rapid imaging and analysis of data from the twodimensional detector. The design and characteristics of the spectrometer and data acquisition system are described in detail and examples of data are presented which illustrate its performance.

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A simple neutron guide tube and diffractometer for small-angle scattering of cold neutrons

Abstract: A neutron guide tube and diffractometer for measurements of small- angle Bragg diffraction are described. Application to studies of biological structures is demonstrated by preliminary diffraction data from the membranes of the myelin sheath of dog sciatic nerve.

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Neutron scattering from myelin revisited: bilayer asymmetry and water-exchange kinetics

Neutron scattering from myelin revisited: bilayer asymmetry and water-exchange kinetics

The structure of the chromatin core particle in solution

The small-angle neutron scattering spectrometer at the National Bureau of Standards

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