A simple model for PV module reflection losses under field conditions

Sjerps-Koomen, E.A.; Alsema, E.A.; Turkenburg, W.C.

doi:10.1016/s0038-092x(96)00137-5

Cited by 69 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For instance, an approach based on flat surfaces and Fresnel equations including the daily incidence angle variation and diffuse radiation [25] yielded about 3% yearly reflection losses (for front glass without AR coating) for tilt angle corresponding the latitude, in good agreement with measurements. A similar method for numerical treatment of optical module losses was described in more detail in Ref.…”

Section: Simulation Approaches and Studiessupporting

confidence: 57%

“…It can, though, become a very time-consuming task when, for example, a ray tracing approach has to be solved as a function of incidence angle and wavelength for realistic illumination conditions and correct averaging over the whole typical year. Nonetheless, such studies have been conducted successfully [25], showing for instance that without AR coating, c-Si modules in fixed orientation exhibit more than 3% additional reflection loss averaged over the day as compared to standard test conditions (STCs). Correspondingly, a module with structured glass surface was shown to reduce these losses most effectively [8].…”

Section: Effects Of Incidence Angle Variation and Diffuse Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Light Management in Solar Modules

Seifert

Schwedler

Schneider

et al. 2015

Photon Management in Solar Cells

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This chapter provides an overview of the physical challenges and concepts for light management in solar modules, as well as established solutions and current and novel approaches to realize the ambitious goal of the International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaic (ITRPV) roadmap. Focusing on the typical construction of the crystalline silicon solar modules, a description of the physical phenomena that determine the losses of a light beam on its path through the several layers of a module is provided. The physics of anti-reflection and light trapping/light redirection concepts is provided with the report on experimental and simulation techniques to assess the achievable progress under consideration of the real field situation, expressed in parameters like spectral distribution and varying incidence angle of sunlight, or diffuse lighting. The chapter discusses technological solutions that are already implemented, that are on the threshold to industrial use, and novel concepts currently under basic investigation

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Section: Simulation Approaches and Studiessupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Effects Of Incidence Angle Variation and Diffuse Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Management in Solar Modules

Seifert

Schwedler

Schneider

et al. 2015

Photon Management in Solar Cells

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“…This model is described in depth elsewhere 2,3 and has been applied to the analysis of different PV modules and satisfactorily validated with experimental data. It presents no discontinuities and good fitting results for all angles of incidence, in contrast to the ASHRAE incidence modifier, 4 a model initially proposed by Souka and Safat 5 and adopted by ASHRAE 6 (American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning) and considered by some authors 7,8 and simulation tools, such as PVSYST. 9 Also it gives better fitting results than the polynomial model used by NREL 10 and developed by King et al 11,12 In addition, the proposed model can easily include the effect of dust on the module's surface in the angular losses calculation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual angular reflection losses in PV modules

Martı́n

Ruiz²

2004

Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl.

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The objective of this work is to obtain a universal model for calculating the annual angular reflection losses (AAL) of PV modules working in real conditions, useful in the prediction or assessment of the annual performance of PV systems. Instantaneous angular losses (AL) can be calculated by using an analytical model, formerly developed by the authors, that has proved to be in good agreement with the experimental data. In this paper we have used this model to calculate AAL in an hourly basis at 79 different sites all over the world and considering ten different tilt angles, from horizontal to vertical, for south (north) oriented PV modules at north (south) hemisphere sites. From the analysis of the results, we propose an easy-to-use mathematical expression for the calculation of AAL. The model has three different versions that are to be used depending on the availability of the local radiation data. The most detailed expression of the model fits with high degree of accuracy the local AAL data, the second version consists of a global term plus a local weather-descriptive one, and the third version is a universal global model dependent only on the latitude and the PV module tilt angle.

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“…These losses were determined using the air-glass model developed by Sjerps-Koomen et al (1997). The airglass model resulted from studies that showed that the airglass interface dominates the transmittance of radiation, relative to normal incidence, and that considering only the air-glass interface provides essentially the same results when compared to using more complex models that consider transmittance and reflectance of other PV module materials and interfaces (glass, EVA, and cell anti-reflective coatings).…”

Section: Aoi Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of measured photovoltaic module performance for Florida, Oregon, and Colorado locations

2014

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A study was conducted to determine and compare the measured energy production of photovoltaic (PV) modules for three climatically diverse locations: Cocoa, Florida; Eugene, Oregon; and Golden, Colorado. The PV modules were 2010 vintage and included singlecrystalline silicon (x-Si), multi-crystalline silicon (m-Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), amorphous silicon (a-Si) tandem and triple-junction, amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon or heterojunction with intrinsic thin-layer (HIT), and amorphous silicon/microcrystalline silicon (a-Si/lx-Si). Annual performance metrics for reference yield, final PV yield, performance ratio, and the losses associated with angle-of-incidence (AOI), PV module temperature, and low light or irradiance level were determined.Results showed considerable variation in energy production because of both the site-to-site differences in reference yield and the PV module characteristics; for example, the best-performing PV modules in Cocoa had final PV yield values nearly 60% greater than the lowest performing PV module in Eugene. In Cocoa, the final PV yield of the a-Si/lx-Si PV module was greater, after considering measurement uncertainty, than other PV modules in Cocoa, except for the CdTe PV module. In Eugene, more PV modules performed more similarly to each other. The final PV yield values for the a-Si/lx-Si and CdTe PV modules were not measurably greater than the final PV yield values for the HIT and a-Si PV modules. In Golden, the final PV yield values of the PV modules varied the least, within measurement uncertainty, except for one PV module.Losses from AOI effects were from 2½% to 3%; losses from PV module temperature were from 2.3% to 10.8%; and low-light-level effects ranged from a loss of 7.4% for a CIGS PV module deployed in Eugene to a gain of 0.3% for a CdTe PV module deployed in Cocoa. Spectral effects also appeared to be present, with increased performance of the CdTe modules and a-Si PV module in Cocoa and decreased performance in Golden.

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A simple model for PV module reflection losses under field conditions

Cited by 69 publications

References 6 publications

Light Management in Solar Modules

Light Management in Solar Modules

Annual angular reflection losses in PV modules

Analysis of measured photovoltaic module performance for Florida, Oregon, and Colorado locations

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