A simple method to control the formation of cerium phosphate architectures

Abstract

† Electronic Supplementary Informa on (ESI) available: TEM images of batch experiments, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms and the corresponding BJH pore size distributions, EDS spectra and top-and side view video recordings from the flow driven precipitate formation. See Growth of cerium phosphate microstructures was examined under mild condition using a flow reaction system. Two entirely different development pathways were identified by which the formation of architecturally different cerium phosphate spherulites could be triggered. The selection between these mechanisms could readily be achieved by the reverse addition of precursors. Structural differences were examined by using scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and nitrogen sorption measurement. The precipitate flow profiles were examined comprehensively and taken into consideration to interpret the spherulite formation process.The presumed formation mechanisms were approved by time monitored synthesis and HRTEM investigation. Terbium doped counterparts of the pristine spherulites were used to assess the structure related photoluminescent properties.Regardless of the identical crystal phase and chemical composition 30-35% difference in photoluminescent intensity was found between the two types of spherulites, suggesting strong architecture dependent physical properties.

Flow Control ofA+B→CFronts by Radial Injection

“…The radial advection of reacting species is currently receiving growing attention. For example, A þ B → C-type precipitation reactions in a radial flow give rise to a large variety of self-assembled structures [26][27][28][29], to thermodynamically unstable crystalline forms [30], or to compositions different from those obtained in homogeneous systems [31][32][33][34]. Similarly, a suitable redefinition of distance may recast some transport phenomena into a radial spreading as done in studies of infectious disease spreading [35].…”

Structural Characterization of Novel Cerium Phosphate Glass Ionomer Cements (GICs) Doped with GaCl (Phthalocyanine)

“…Recent investigations have evidenced that the properties of CePO 4 nano species depend strongly on, morphology and crystallinity relationships [18]- [23]. The controlled synthesis of these nanomaterials often requires the employment of sensitive and specific technique.…”

Flow-driven crystal growth of lithium phosphate in microchannels

“…Flow-driven precipitation where reactants are pumped at a specific flow rate into a chamber filled with the other reacting species is a convenient technique to provide information on how nucleation and crystal growth processes take place. [14][15][16][17] Furthermore, it also enables the control of crystal size and morphology, [18][19][20] making it feasible to study and analyze crystal formation. For example, the change from the spherulite form of insulin to a packed fiber structure 18 or the enhancement of the calcite form of calcium carbonate 21 is a result of confinement and a high flow rate.…”