A Simple Method of Measuring the Compliance and the Nonelastic Resistance of the Chest During Anaesthesia

Newman, Heike; Campbell, E. J. M.; Dinnick, O.P.

doi:10.1093/bja/31.7.282

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There are new methods for measuring in traesophageal pressure (134,241) and the compliance and non-elastic resistance of the chest (195,248) , and some modifications of old methods for measuring the lung volumes (88,184,279). Energy expenditure may be estimated from pulmonary ven tilation (107), a technique of interest in field work.…”

Section: Methods and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiration

Tenney¹

1961

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the past year there have appeared a number of review articles or monographs either in the field of respiratory physiology, or sufficiently closely related to be of interest to the respiratory physiologist. Volume 2 of the new Handbook of Physiology contains a chapter on the neural control of respiration by Oberholzer & Tofani (204). Bouhuys & Lundin have reviewed the general problem of the distribution of inspired gas in the lungs (33). An atlas of the submicroscopic structure of the lung in both health and disease appeared (244) that provides many fascinating details for the physiologist concerned with the structural determinants of function. Two lucid, compre hensive analyses of the kinetics of reactions between hemoglobin and gases (115) and on diffusion and simultaneous chemical reaction velocity in hemo globin solutions and red cell suspensions (232) appeared. The circulatory adaptation to hypoxia (154), the physiology and pharmacology of the pulmo nary circulation (181), and the principles of oximetry (199) were the subject of extensive reviews. Ferris (103, 104) has assembled much of the current literature on pulmonary function. Finally, special mention must be made of a scholarly essay by Richards on homeostasis (223), not directly concerned with respiration, but of interest to st u dents of the arrangements and de rangements of function in any system. MECHANICS OF RESPIRATIONUnderstanding the intimate nature of the performance of the ventilatory apparatus as a mechanical system continues to be a challenge to the respira tory physiologist. By sheer weight of number of publications under the gen eralized category "mechanics", this area of research represents the most actively studied segment of respiration. Fenn has written a lucid summary of the mechanism of breathing (100), simply presented hut profound, and singularly well suited to serve as a teaching reference in physiology.The fundamental nature of the contribution of various tissues of the lung to its "elastic" performance is poorly understood, but an appreciation of the importance of surface tension effects has been a particularly noteworthy ad vance (43) . There is apparently on the alveolar surface a peculiar material which has a coefficient of compressi bility that places it in the category of a liquid film. The surface tension of this material decreases markedly on com pression. The process is reversible if it is compressed to about 50 per cent of its surface area, but with further compression the film appears to rupture on re-expansion. This behavior is at variance with that seen in pure protei n films, and although it has not been possible to draw a firm conclusion, the 1 This review covers the literature available to the author for the period ending June 1, 1960. 123 Annu. Rev. Physiol. 1961.23:123-152. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by Dartmouth College -Main Library on 02/03/15. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS Annu. Rev. Physiol. 1961.23:123-152. Downloaded from www....

show abstract

Section: Methods and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiration

Tenney¹

1961

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Dixon and Brodie (1903) were first to use free collapse of the lung in animal experiments to show changes in lung mechanics. Since then passive expiration has been studied in isolated lungs (Nissel, 1948), anaesthetised human subjects (Newman et al, 1959), and trained volunteers (Otis et al, 1950), and has been recommended as a means for measuring total compliance and resistance of the lung plus thorax in man (Comroe et al, 1954).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive expiration as a test of lung function.

Kumar¹,

Keighley²

1978

Thorax

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ashutosh, K, and Keighley, J F (1978). Thorax, 33,[740][741][742][743][744][745][746]. Passive expiration as a test of lung function. Twenty-five normal subjects, 14 non-smokers and 11 smokers, passively expired into a spirometer after a maximal active inspiration, and after a passive inflation of the chest by a pressure cycled intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB) machine. Acceptable passive expirations could be performed by all subjects after a passive inspiration but by only 12 after an active inspiration. Expired volume was found to change exponentially with time (r > 0 98), and the time constant of passive expiration (Tp) was obtained. There was no significant difference between the smokers and non-smokers in age, sex, forced vital capacity, FEV1, FEV1/FVC %, maximum mid-expiratory flow rate, maximum expiratory flow at 50 % and 25 % of the vital capacity, or the magnitude of the fall in the dynamic compliance with increasing frequency of breathing (Cdyn/f).Tp in smokers (1I 06 s±0 47 SD) was significantly longer than in the non-smokers (0 65 s±0 25 SD P <0.02). Tp had a significant correlation with Cdyn/f(Tp==0.6+161 8l Cdyn/f±0.38 SE, r==0-49, p < 0 02). We conclude that satisfactory passive expiratory spirograms can be easily obtained after a mechanically assisted passive inspiration. Tp thus obtained is determined by the intrinsic properties of the respiratory system (lung plus thorax), and is significantly prolonged in smokers compared with non-smokers when other studies of pulmonary function including frequency dependence of compliance are unchanged.Passive expiration, defined as the expiration when the lungs and thorax are allowed to return to functional residual capacity (FRC) by their own elastic recoil and no active muscular effort is applied, has been shown to be determined solely by the intrinsic properties of the respiratory system (DuBois and Ross, 1951). Although found to be a useful method of measuring total respiratory (lung +chest wall) compliance and resistance (Brody et al, 1960), it has not been widely utilised because of the difficulty in obtaining a passive expiration in unanaesthetised, untrained individuals (Agostoni and Mead, 1964).We found that passive expirations were more consistently and easily obtained if preceded by a passive inflation of the chest by an intermittent positive-pressure breathing machine (IPPB). The present study was undertaken to determine the practicality of obtaining passive spirograms in untrained individuals by the above method. We also tested the ability of the passive spirogram to detect early abnormalities in lung function compared with other pulmonary function tests including frequency dependence of compliance and flow-volume curves. 'The study was supported by a grant from the Syracuse Veterans Administration Hospital research fund. MethodsTwenty-five normal healthy volunteers were selected for the study. Four subjects, two of whom were smokers, had a mild morning non-productive cough. None had any known pulmonary illness at the time of the s...

show abstract

Respiratory resistance and compliance in the anaesthetized horse

Mapleson¹,

Weaver²

1969

Respiration Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A Simple Method of Measuring the Compliance and the Nonelastic Resistance of the Chest During Anaesthesia

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Respiration

Respiration

Passive expiration as a test of lung function.

Respiratory resistance and compliance in the anaesthetized horse

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About