A simple method for the measurement of organic iodine in wastewater and surface water

Investigating the fate of iodinated X-ray contrast media iohexol and diatrizoate during microbial degradation in an MBBR system treating urban wastewater

“…The study by Carballa et al (2004) showed that aerobic treatment through activated sludge caused an important reduction in many pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other compounds (between 35 and 75 %), with the exception of ICM (iopromide) which remained in the aqueous phase. Likewise, as reported by Fono and Sedlak (2007), the concentrations of ICM including iopromide, iopamidol, iothalamic acid, and diatrizoic acid ranged between 1.9 and 16.3 μg/L, with a median of 6.5 μg/L, in treated effluent. Biotransformation products of iopromide and diatrizoate have also been detected in effluents (Haiss and Kümmerer 2006;Perez et al 2006), and presumably similar transformation processes could occur also in environmental media like surface and groundwater (Fono and Sedlak 2007).…”

“…Several studies have already proven that the ICM are persistent against conventional biological treatment processes Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11356-013-1605-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. (Putschew et al 2001;Fono and Sedlak 2007;Busetti et al 2008). According to Kalsch (1999), the adsorption and binding of diatrizoate to aerobic-activated sludge was found to be poor, suggesting that this substance is hardly retained in sewage treatment plant sludge.…”

Development, validation, and application of a novel LC-MS/MS trace analysis method for the simultaneous quantification of seven iodinated X-ray contrast media and three artificial sweeteners in surface, ground, and drinking water

“…Their polar character and stability against environmental degradation enable them to persist in the aquatic environment. These properties and their high concentrations in wastewater make these compounds ideal tracers for wastewater in surface and groundwater [6,10]. Recently, concentrations of some ICM and the AS acesulfame exceeded the International Association of Water Works in the Rhine Basin (IAWR) target values of 0.1 μg/L for ICM and 1 μg/L for AS in the Rhine river, particularly in the lower stretch of the Rhine downstream of Mainz [11,12].…”

Elimination of the iodinated contrast agent iohexol in water, wastewater and urine matrices by application of photo-Fenton and ultrasound advanced oxidation processes

“…Assuming normal urinary Q2 output 18 (between 800 and 2000 mL 24 h) and high Iohexol clearance (in 19 excess of 80% in 24 h), its concentration in urine can be roughly 20 approximated between 3 and 6 g L À1 . However, they are not 21 effectively degraded by conventional wastewater treatment 22 processes [2][3][4], resulting in mg L À1 levels being detected in urban 23 wastewater. One possible reason is poor adsorption and binding to 24 activated sludge, as demonstrated in the case of diatrizoate and 25 iopromide [5,6].…”