A simple method for measuring erythrocyte deformability.

The interactions of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) of different particle sizes and surface properties with human red blood cell (RBC) membranes were investigated by membrane filtration, flow cytometry, and various microscopic techniques. Small MCM-41-type MSNs (∼100 nm) were found to adsorb to the surface of RBCs without disturbing the membrane or morphology. In contrast, adsorption of large SBA-15-type MSNs (∼600 nm) to RBCs induced a strong local membrane deformation leading to spiculation of RBCs, internalization of the particles, and eventual hemolysis. In addition, the relationship between the degree of MSN surface functionalization and the degree of its interaction with RBC, as well as the effect of RBC−MSN interaction on cellular deformability, were investigated. The results presented here provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of RBC−MSN interaction and the hemolytic activity of MSNs and will assist in the rational design of hemocompatible MSNs for intravenous drug delivery and in vivo imaging. R ecent advancements in particle size and morphology control of mesoporous materials have led to the creation of nano-and submicrometer-sized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). [1][2][3][4][5] The MSN materials with well-ordered cylindrical pore structures, such as MCM-41 and SBA-15, have attracted special interest in the biomedical field. 1 The large surface areas and pore volumes of these materials allow the efficient adsorption of a wide range of molecules, including small drugs, 6-10 therapeutic proteins, 11-13 antibiotics, 14,15 and antibodies. 16 Therefore, these materials have been proposed for use as potential vehicles for biomedical imaging, real-time diagnosis, and controlled delivery of multiple therapeutic agents. [6][7][8]10,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Despite the considerable interest in the biomedical applications of MSNs, relatively few studies have been published on the biocompatibility of the two most common types of MSNs (MCM-41 and SBA-15). [26][27][28][29] Asefa and co-workers reported that the cellular bioenergetics (cellular respiration and ATP levels) were inhibited remarkably by large SBA-15 nanoparticles, but the inhibition was greatly reduced by smaller MCM-41-type nanoparticles. 26 These differences in the disruption of cellular bioenergetics are believed to be caused by the different surface areas, number of surface silanol groups, and/or particle sizes of both types of material. A recent study by Kohane and collaborators on the systemic effects of MCM-41 (particle size ∼150 nm) and SBA-15 (particle size ∼800 nm) MSNs in live animals revealed interesting findings regarding their biocompatibility. 27 While large doses of mesoporous silicas administered subcutaneously to mice appear to be relatively harmless, the same doses given intravenously or intraperitoneally were lethal. 27 A possible reason for the severe systemic toxicity of MSNs when injected intravenously could be the interactions of the nanoparticles with blood cells.Our initial studies...

show abstract

“…The present method and apparatus for RBC filterability measurement have been described in detail elsewhere. 41 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Human Red Blood Cell Membranes: Size and Surface Effects

Zhao¹,

Sun²,

Zhang³

et al. 2011

ACS Nano

507

440

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Deformability was determined by filtration through standard size pores [18] in most of these studies. An elevated erythrocyte volume would be expected to affect filtrability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real and artefactual erythrocyte swelling in hyperglycaemia

1985

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary.The mean erythrocyte volume of ~ patients with acute diabetic decompensation was determined by Coulter measurement and found to be elevated above normal (mean increase 5.5 Ix3). Experiments in vitro revealed this to be an artefact associated with Coulter determination. A more reliable estimate of in vivo erythrocyte volume can be obtained from centrifugated haematocrit and erythrocyte count. With this method, true erythrocyte swelling parallel to glucose concentration was observed when erythrocytes were exposed to isotonic glucose-NaC1 solutions. This volume increase resulted from decreased sodium concentration and was in the order of 0.5-1.0 ix 3 per mmol/1 of sodium. Glucose was osmotically ineffective. Similar volume changes were documented in a diabetic patient parallel to his daily variations of blood glucose. In severe diabetic decompensation, dehydration usually prevents an increase in erythrocyte volume. We conclude that hyperglycaemia is associated with erythrocyte swelling if total serum tonicity remains within the normal range.

show abstract

“…Present data suggest that the modifications linked to cell-ageing do not involve deformability as tested by filtration technique on Reid and Dormandy apparatus (10). We can hypothesize that filterability modifications, if any, might involve only a very small amount of oldest cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Haemorheological changes during human erythrocyte life-span

Micheli

Pieragalli

Toti

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

by Editor T. DiPerri)The investigation of erythrocyte deformability changes during cell ageing might give one insight on circulatory behaviour of young and old red blood cells. Erythrocytes of healthy subjects of both sexes had been separatel) into 3 fractions of increasing age on a Percoll discontinous density gradient and their different age has been tested by pyruvate kinase (PK) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities. Each fraction, free of leucocytes, suspended to 10% haematocrit, was filtered through Nuclepore filters 5 micron diameter; erythrocytes lying on filters were observed by Scanning Electron microscopy. Erythrocyte deformability has shown small decrease from middle aged cells to old and youngest ones.

show abstract

A simple method for measuring erythrocyte deformability.

Cited by 425 publications

References 11 publications

Interaction of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Human Red Blood Cell Membranes: Size and Surface Effects

Interaction of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Human Red Blood Cell Membranes: Size and Surface Effects

Real and artefactual erythrocyte swelling in hyperglycaemia

Haemorheological changes during human erythrocyte life-span

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About