A Simple Method for Developing Gel/Rise Profiles of Urethane Foams

Rowton, Richard L.

doi:10.1177/0021955x8001600102

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To complicate these many requirements, one has to consider that virtually all the components which comprise a polyurethane foam formulation contribute to and thus have an effect on the overall reaction rate. Therefore, it is little wonder that numerous tests from the simple to the complex [1][2][3][5][6][7][8][9] have been developed to study the reactivity of polyurethane foam systems, and these investigations will probably continue for years to come in this dynamic area [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ultrasonic Rise and Adiabatic Temperature Evaluation (URATE) of Polyurethane Foams

Autenrieth

Gutowsky

Burks

1991

Journal of Cellular Plastics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

HISTORICAL F or as long as polyurethane foaming reactions have been known, polyurethane researchers have been challenged to fully measure or &dquo;fingerprint&dquo; this complex reaction's characteristics [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Researchers have attempted to devise apparatus that were reliable, accurate and precise. The polyurethane foam producer needs a device that is inexpensive, user friendly and free from operator variability. The commercial polyurethane foamer needs to extrapolate data from the laboratory to large scale production equipment. To complicate these many requirements, one has to consider that virtually all the components which comprise a polyurethane foam formulation contribute to and thus have an effect on the overall reaction rate. Therefore, it is little wonder that numerous tests from the simple to the complex [1-3,5-9] have been developed to study the reactivity of polyurethane foam systems, and these investigations will probably continue for years to come in this dynamic area [8].In the area of flexible and semiflexible polyurethane foams, the cup foam test (CFT) has been utilized for over 25 years [10]. The CFT can be Downloaded from 433 URATE of Polyurethane Foams easily performed in the laboratory or on production equipment and can measure several critical performance parameters of polyurethane foam systems. The CFT can accurately measure the cream time (CT), top of cup time (TOC), string gel time (GT), end of rise time (EOR) and free rise density (FRD) of polyurethane foams. In addition, the tack free time has also been used to approximate the demold time for a polyurethane foam system. The CFT is routinely performed using a bench top mixer in the laboratory. Some of the common uses of the CFT in the laboratory are listed below: . monitor the purity of components and raw materials . monitor the consistency of blended formulations . train new personnel in formulation variables . perform a QC performance test for polyurethane foam systems The CFT has also found extensive use on production equipment and some of these uses are listed below: · monitor component ratio (index) of the machine · monitor mixing efficiency and consistency · identify contamination of the polyurethane chemicals · monitor machine delivery (shot weight) consistency · collect the reaction profile data listed above Through the use of Statistical Process Control (SPC) charts, the CFT parameters from the laboratory and/or production line are routinely plotted to monitor both chemical and mechanical processes.It was recognized that three of the five CFT reaction parameters involved a height measurement. In addition, the consistency of the reaction parameters generated on the CFT is always questionable due to operator to operator variability (subjectivity). For these reasons, we turned our attention several years ago to a logical extension of the CFT which is the ultrasonic rise profile apparatus. The use of an ultrasonic or Fluidyne rise rate apparatus as a performance test for polyurethane foam systems has been avail...

show abstract

“…

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%