A simple indentation technique for identifying localized liquefaction of the vitreous body

Chen, Duo; Liu, Xiaoyu; Geng, Xiaoqi; Huo, Hongqiang; Dong, Ying; Tang, Min; Tang, Zhili; Qiao, Xiaofeng; Fan, Yubo

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110795

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

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“…Finally, the indentation load was kept positive, suggesting that the force applied by the mechanical testing machine was higher than the surface tension. Therefore, the surface tension of the vitreous body could not be ignored, which was approved by previous studies [ 8 , 11 , 23 , 37 , 38 ]. The adhesive force of the vitreous body was measured by stretching the vitreous body between the cleated parallel plate and stage of the rheometer [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to surface tension, an elasto-capillary liquid bridge formed between the probe and the vitreous body droplet as the sample dripped from the probe to the rest of the droplet [ 37 ]. The pressure acting on the indenter below zero during relaxation was probably affected by surface tension of the vitreous body [ 11 ]. The syringe needle was pulled upwards by the surface tension of the vitreous body when it was inserted in the vitreous body [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The syringe needle was pulled upwards by the surface tension of the vitreous body when it was inserted in the vitreous body [ 23 ]. Surface tension of the vitreous body affected the pressure acting on the indenter during relaxation [ 11 ]. Surface tension of the vitreous body pulled the needle tip upwards when the syringe needle was inserted in the vitreous body [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 6 , 7 ]. Existing studies have reported mechanical properties of vitreous body varied after liquefaction [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], suggesting that mechanical properties could be effective parameters to identify vitreous liquefaction process. Therefore, identifying vitreous liquefaction by mechanical properties can provide insights for studies on vitreous liquefaction related diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally speaking, the elastic modulus of materials can be determined by the empirical formula and the force–depth curves in the indentation test. Recently, Chen [ 11 ] proposed a simple indentation method to identify vitreous liquefaction by comparing of relative differences of some typical mechanical parameters during relaxation; however, the pressure acting on the indenter was only recorded, which was probably affected by surface tension of the vitreous body. In fact, an elasto-capillary liquid bridge formed between the probe and the vitreous body droplet as the sample dripped from the probe to the rest of the droplet [ 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Inverse Method to Determine Mechanical Parameters of Porcine Vitreous Bodies Based on the Indentation Test

Zhang

et al. 2023

Bioengineering

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The vitreous body keeps the lens and retina in place and protects these tissues from physical insults. Existing studies have reported that the mechanical properties of vitreous body varied after liquefaction, suggesting mechanical properties could be effective parameters to identify vitreous liquefaction process. Thus, in this work, we aimed to propose a method to determine the mechanical properties of vitreous bodies. Fresh porcine eyes were divided into three groups, including the untreated group, the 24 h liquefaction group and the 48 h liquefaction group, which was injected collagenase and then kept for 24 h or 48 h. The indentation tests were carried out on the vitreous body in its natural location while the posterior segment of the eye was fixed in the container. A finite element model of a specimen undertaking indentation was constructed to simulate the indentation test with surface tension of vitreous body considered. Using the inverse method, the mechanical parameters of the vitreous body and the surface tension coefficient were determined. For the same parameter, values were highest in the untreated group, followed by the 24 h liquefaction group and the lowest in the 48 h liquefaction group. For C10 in the neo-Hookean model, the significant differences were found between the untreated group and liquefaction groups. This work quantified vitreous body mechanical properties successfully using inverse method, which provides a new method for identifying vitreous liquefactions related studies.

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