A simple high efficiency solar water purification system

Exergo-Economic Evaluation of the Cost for Solar Thermal Depuration of Water

“…As the water circulating within the system is Simulations revealed that the system is potentially able of a maximum daily productivity ranging between 40 and 102 kg per m 2 of solar collector, depending on the location. The tests of a density driven system with an internal convection loop proposed by Duff et al [6] confirmed an even higher result-up to 200 kg/m 2 of clean water were reported in one day. Table 3 collects synthetic results obtained for each location; the integral values of clean water production are reported in row number 4.…”

“…Pasteurized water will then flow over the top of the holding pipe due to its volume increase induced by the density change. The initial reference water density conditions (circuit filling) are defined for 20 • C. The variation of volume in spill-over conditions can be obtained applying set-point conditions to Equation (6):…”

“…Many experiments of this technology can be found in the literature: for example Anderson [5] used a parabolic solar thermal concentrator to pasteurize water using a valve to control the set point temperature at 75 • C and thus treat 0.089 m 3 /(h·m 2 ) of water. As reported in [6], Jorgensen and Stevens managed to treat, at the set point temperature, 0.055 m 3 /(h·m 2 ) of water using flat plate collectors after a significant warm up period and the Safe Water System company (Honolulu, HI, USA) produced in 2002 one of these systems which can produce 0.202 m 3 /(h·m 2 ). Carielo da Silva et al [7] performed tests on a solar pasteurizer based on the use of flat-plate solar collector with flow control valves, setting various outlet temperature levels (55-85 • C) and residence times (3600-15 s, respectively).…”

“…Adoption of an insulated compensation tank (B) is suggested with respect to the original scheme proposed in [6], in order to increase the mass of water inside the circuit: in this way, the treated water flow is increased, as well as the inlet flow of raw water. Water evaporation is prevented by the closed circuit (the two tanks C and D contain water close to ambient temperature), and scaling problems are consequently limited also considering the flexible sizing of the piping necessary for natural circulation.…”

Design Optimization of Polymer Heat Exchanger for Automated Household-Scale Solar Water Pasteurizer

“…Previous simulations [21,22] have shown that although solar stills have an advantage with chemically contaminated water and salt water, solar water pasteurization (SWP) is more efficient and less costly for water disinfection. Many types of SWP systems have been developed [23,24], including simple systems with reflectors [25,26], systems based on density difference flow principles [27], parabolic trough concentrator systems [28,29], and continuous flow systems, which are the focus of this study [30][31][32][33]. Continuous flow systems have been shown to be effective at sterilizing water [34], and a kiosk system can be constructed for US$2000 [35].…”