A Simple Fluorescence Spectroscopic Approach for Simultaneous and Rapid Detection of Four Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH4) in Vegetable Oils

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in edible oils: An overview on sample preparation, determination strategies, and relative abundance of prevalent compounds

“…This fact, together with the presence of other interfering compounds, has greatly limited the application of traditional fluorescence strategies in multicomponent analysis of vegetable oils. In any case, several applications can be found in literature regarding the determination of PAHs by using FLS, combining the use of the just-mentioned technique with advanced chemometric tools aiming at enhancing the spectral resolution (Alarcoń et al, 2013;Alarcón et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2016;Vásquez, Báez, Bravo, & Fuentes, 2013). For instance, Alarcón et al (2012) evaluated the potential of microwave-assisted LLE and SPE (silica, C18, and graphitized carbon black) coupled with FLS (employing one-to three-way spectral data) for the rapid detection of heavy PAHs in olive and sunflower oils; the same team, 1 year later, developed another application where they compared the usefulness of unfolded partial least-squares with residual bilinearization (U-PLS/RBL) and parallel factor analysis to process the fluorescence excitation-emission data matrices (Alarcoń et al, 2013).…”

“…This fact, together with the presence of other interfering compounds, has greatly limited the application of traditional fluorescence strategies in multicomponent analysis of vegetable oils. In any case, several applications can be found in literature regarding the determination of PAHs by using FLS, combining the use of the just‐mentioned technique with advanced chemometric tools aiming at enhancing the spectral resolution (Alarcoń et al., 2013; Alarcón et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2016; Vásquez, Báez, Bravo, & Fuentes, 2013). For instance, Alarcón et al.…”

“…(2013) determined seven heavy PAHs in EVOOs based on the measurement of excitation–emission matrices of nylon membranes coupled to U‐PLS/RBL, achieving detection limits from 0.29 to 1.0 µg/kg and reasonably good recoveries (between 64 and 78%). In a more recent example, a second‐derivative nonlinear variable‐angle‐matrix isopotential synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic approach has been proposed for the simultaneous determination of PAH4 in vegetable oils with ultrasonic‐assisted extraction (Liu et al., 2016). In most of these instances, the authors compared the predicted data with those coming from LC–FLD, achieving good agreement.…”

Determination of benzo(a)pyrene in fried and baked foods by HPLC combined with vesicular coacervative supramolecular solvent extraction

“…Then, the extract is cleaned up using a solid phase extraction column (silica, alumina, florisil, etc.). Available scientific reports have described the analysis via different techniques of extraction, purification and detection (Zachara et al 2017a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans 2010; Conchione et al 2015;Zachara et al 2017b;Rey-Salgueiro et al 2009;Kumari et al 2013;Liu et al 2016). Zachara et al (2017b) adopted a method including the process of saponification, extraction and clean-up using a self-made column packed with aluminum oxide for the determination of PAHs in vegetable oils.…”

Determination of Carbamate Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products by Fluorescence Spectrometry

“…Fluorescence occurs in organic molecules with an extension of π electron orbit and a conjugated double bond system. In this system, the greater the conjugate degree of π electrons, the more easily the fluorescence would be generated [6,7] .…”