A simple field method to identify foot strike pattern during running

Giandolini, Marlène; Poupard, Thibaut; Gimenez, Philippe; Horvais, Nicolas; Millet, Guillaume Y.; Morin, Jean-Benoı̂t; Samozino, Pierre

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.03.002

Cited by 55 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For the walking task, the instant of initial contact (IC) and toe‐off were determined based on the acceleration of the calcaneus‐based marker and the first metatarsal head marker, respectively . For the running task, the strike pattern was determined based on the time difference between the calcaneus and the fifth metatarsal peak acceleration time . The rearfoot strike was defined as the point at which the peak acceleration of the calcaneus marker was 15.2 ms earlier than that of the fifth metatarsal marker, and the forefoot strike was defined as the point at which the peak acceleration of the calcaneus marker was 5.49 ms later than that of the fifth metatarsal marker.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forefoot and hindfoot kinematics in subjects with medial tibial stress syndrome during walking and running

Okunuki

Koshino

Yamanaka

et al. 2019

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Excessive foot pronation during static standing, walking and running has been reported as a contributing factor for the development of medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS). The motion of foot pronation consists of hindfoot and forefoot motion. However, no previous studies have investigated forefoot and hindfoot kinematics during walking and running in subjects with MTSS. The current study sought to compare hindfoot and forefoot kinematics between subjects with and without MTSS while walking and running. Eleven subjects with MTSS and 11 healthy controls (each group containing 10 males and one female) participated in the current study. Segment angles of the hindfoot and forefoot during walking and running barefoot on a treadmill were recorded using three‐dimensional kinematic analysis. An independent t‐test was used to compare kinematic data between groups. Subjects with MTSS exhibited significantly greater hindfoot eversion and abduction (p < 0.05) during walking and running than subjects without MTSS, significantly greater forefoot eversion and abduction (p < 0.05) during walking, and significantly greater forefoot abduction during running (p < 0.05). Hindfoot and forefoot kinematics during walking and running were significantly different between subjects with and without MTSS. For prevention and rehabilitation of MTSS, it may be important to focus on not only hindfoot but also forefoot kinematics during both running and walking. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forefoot and hindfoot kinematics in subjects with medial tibial stress syndrome during walking and running

Okunuki

Koshino

Yamanaka

et al. 2019

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…Heel and metatarsal accelerations were continuously recorded during the downhill run, allowing identification of the foot strike pattern adopted for each step analyzed (Giandolini et al., , ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the forefoot accelerometer, the elastic strap was inserted between the top midsole and the shoe upper during production. These two accelerometers allowed identification of the foot strike adopted during the run, using the method previously validated (Giandolini et al., , ). The accelerometers were time synchronized by a radio system (Hikob, Villeurbanne, France), and a single acquisition was performed from the start to the end of the run.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the foot strike pattern on muscle activity and neuromuscular fatigue in downhill trail running

Giandolini

Horvais

Rossi

et al. 2016

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Minimizing musculo-skeletal damage and fatigue is considered paramount for performance in trail running. Our purposes were to investigate the effects of the foot strike pattern and its variability on (a) muscle activity during a downhill trail run and (b) immediate and delayed neuromuscular fatigue. Twenty-three runners performed a 6.5-km run (1264 m of negative elevation change). Electromyographic activity of lower-limb muscles was recorded continuously. Heel and metatarsal accelerations were recorded to identify the running technique. Peripheral and central fatigue was assessed in knee extensors (KE) and plantar flexors (PF) at Pre-, Post-, and 2 days post downhill run (Post2d). Anterior patterns were associated with (a) higher gastrocnemius lateralis activity and lower tibialis anterior and vastus lateralis activity during the run and (b) larger decreases in KE high-frequency stimulus-evoked torque Post and larger decrements in KE MVC Post2d. High patterns variability during the run was associated with (a) smaller decreases in KE Db100 Post and MVC Post2d and (b) smaller decreases in PF MVC Post and Post2d. Anterior patterns increase the severity of KE peripheral fatigue. However, high foot strike pattern variability during the run reduced acute and delayed neuromuscular fatigue in KE and PF.

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“…Furthermore, these sensors offer the advantages of collecting multiple consecutive gait cycles and eliminate the issue of targeting. Numerous authors have already used MEMS to detect FS in a variety of conditions [8,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Nevertheless, just one study was found which investigated the accuracy of MEMS for detecting FS during running by comparing those data to a synchronized force plate signal [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which Method Detects Foot Strike in Rearfoot and Forefoot Runners Accurately when Using an Inertial Measurement Unit?

2017

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Accelerometers and gyroscopes are used to detect foot strike (FS), i.e., the moment when the foot first touches the ground. However, it is unclear whether different conditions (footwear hardness or foot strike pattern) influence the accuracy and precision of different FS detection methods when using such micro-electromechanical sensors (MEMS). This study compared the accuracy of four published MEMS-based FS detection methods with each other and the gold standard (force plate) to establish the most accurate method with regard to different foot strike patterns and footwear conditions. Twenty-three recreational runners (12 rearfoot and 11 forefoot strikers) ran on a 15-m indoor track at their individual running speed in three footwear conditions (low to high hardness). MEMS and a force plate were sampled at a rate of 3750 Hz. Individual accuracy and precision of FS detection methods were found which were dependent on running styles and footwear conditions. Most of the methods were characterized by a delay which generally increased from rearfoot to forefoot strike pattern and from high to low midsole hardness. It can be concluded that only one of the four methods can accurately determine FS in a variety of conditions.

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A simple field method to identify foot strike pattern during running

Cited by 55 publications

References 19 publications

Forefoot and hindfoot kinematics in subjects with medial tibial stress syndrome during walking and running

Forefoot and hindfoot kinematics in subjects with medial tibial stress syndrome during walking and running

Effects of the foot strike pattern on muscle activity and neuromuscular fatigue in downhill trail running

Which Method Detects Foot Strike in Rearfoot and Forefoot Runners Accurately when Using an Inertial Measurement Unit?

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