A simple, fast and low-cost method for the efficient separation of hydrocarbons from oily sludge

Hamidi, Yasser; Ataei, Seyed Ahmad; Sarrafi, Amir

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125328

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Moreover, extraction by chloroform held the highest amounts, and the difference between the mixer and shaker methods had the lowest value in that solvent. These results are consistent with a previous study [24].…”

Section: Selecting a Solvent And Extraction Methodssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The same result was observed for the combination of three solvents and four solvents. It should be mentioned that these results are consistent with the previous study [24]. Therefore, the shaker method was chosen with pure solvents of C, H, AC, ACD, and ACDH, which were selected from a combination of two, three, and all solvents.…”

Section: Selecting a Solvent And Extraction Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In Fig. S1 (A and C), a distinct peak was higher and larger than the peaks around it and was observed between 13 and 15 min, indicating the separation and identification of a specific compound that is well extracted by chloroform, being consistent with the previous study [24]. Compared to the pure state in the AC solvent (C in Fig.…”

Section: Gas Chromatographysupporting

confidence: 88%

“…2, the shaker method had the highest hydrocarbon extraction at 55°C and five stages of extraction. While the Soxhlet method had a slightly higher extraction percentage than the shaker for the combination of three solvents of ACD, the shaker method was less costly, faster, and more efficient for hydrocarbon extraction be-cause this method does not require high temperature for evaporation, cooling for solvent condensation, and 24 h for performing experiments [24]. The contact between the two solid and liquid phases in the shaker method is quite high, whereas the solids are immobile and are separated from the liquid by a membrane in the Soxhlet method [17,23].…”

Section: Comparison Of Selected Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A draft of the European standard was presented in 2004 in order to determine the total hydrocarbons for oily sludge in the boiling point range of C 10 to C 40 , which used a shaker and did not require any other tools [22]. Besides, it was asserted that the mechanical shaking method is simpler, faster, more cost-effective, and more accessible than modern and conventional methods [24]. Although the Soxhlet method has advantages such as no requirement for filtration, several simultaneous extractions, and simple methodology, the selection of new technologies to improve the performance of Soxhlet extractor turns that extraction in a panacea into this field [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Dissolution of Extracted Hydrocarbons of Oily Sludge on Petroleum Products

2021

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The influence of dissolution of hydrocarbons extracted by different solvents from oily sludge on petroleum products was studied by ASTM quality control tests. The results indicated that utilizing a shaker provided a higher extraction percentage than a mixer. Besides, chloroform held the highest extraction of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). The extracted TPH by solvents had almost an undesired effect on the color quality index. After dissolving the extracted TPH in the initial gas oil, no significant change was observed in the density of gas oil. The influence of the dissolution of extracted TPH by solvents was greater than their effect on the specific gravity of the initial gas oil. It can be concluded that mixing the extracted petroleum hydrocarbons was suitable for re-addition to gas oil.

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Section: Selecting a Solvent And Extraction Methodssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Selecting a Solvent And Extraction Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Gas Chromatographysupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Comparison Of Selected Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Dissolution of Extracted Hydrocarbons of Oily Sludge on Petroleum Products

2021

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Petroleum sludge formation and its treatment methodologies: a review

Hasan,

Kamal,

Farag

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Different petroleum operations produce huge amount of oil sludge annually. For instance, US EPA estimates the annual sludge production of each US refinery of 30,000 tons, while the average oily sludge produced from petrochemical industries in China is estimated about 3 million tons per year. In the last year, our center could recover about 30,206 barrels of raw oil from 32,786 barrels of tank bottom sludge (TBS) for different petroleum companies. This sludge causes huge economic losses besides its negative environmental impacts. The accumulation of sludge in the tanks results in reducing the tanks’ capacity for storing liquid crude, accelerating the corrosion of the tanks, delay in the production schedule, and disturbing the whole production operation. There are diverse treatment methodologies such as solvent treatment, addition of certain chemicals, and centrifuging. Of course, the environmental regulations and the overall cost limitations are very important in deciding the preferred applicable method(s). Although several works handled the problem of sludge deposition and treatment from different aspects, we intend to introduce a different work. First, composition, formation, types, and properties of TBS were reviewed. Then, environmental and economic problems caused by TBS were revised. At last, different methodologies applied for treatment of oily TBS to recover oil and safe disposal of hazardous remains were investigated focusing on the most straightforward and environmentally friendly protocols. It is expected that this review attracts the experts in petroleum chemistry, and other relevant fields and provides a comprehensive understanding of current sludge control and treatment research. Graphical abstract

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