A simple electrochemical platform based on pectin stabilized gold nanoparticles for picomolar detection of biologically toxic amitrole

Abstract

Amitrole is a biologically toxic nonselective herbicide which contaminates surface and ground waters at unprecedented rates. All reported modified electrodes that detect amitrole within sub-micromolar to nanomolar levels were based on the electro-oxidation of amitrole. Herein, we developed a new conceptual idea to detect picomolar concentrations of amitrole based on calcium cross linked pectin stabilized gold nanoparticle (CCLP-GNP) film modified electrode which was prepared by electrodeposition. When the electrochemical behavior of amitrole was investigated at the CCLP-GNP film, the reduction peak current of the GNPs linearly decreased as the concentration of amitrole increases. We have designed a determination platform based on the amitrole dependent decrease of the GNP cathodic peak. The described concept and high sensitivity of square wave voltammetry together facilitate the great sensing ability; as a result the described approach is able to reach a low detection limit of 36 pM which surpassed the detection limits of existing protocols. The sensor presents a good ability to determine amitrole in two linear concentration ranges: (1) 100 pM-1500 pM with a detection limit of 36 pM; (2) 100 nM-1500 nM with a detection limit of 20 nM. The preparation of CCLP-GNPs is simple, rapid and does not require any reducing agents.

A New Route for the Enzymeless Trace Level Detection of Creatinine Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide/Silver Nanocomposite Biosensor

“…This phenomenon may be due to adsorption of creatinine on the silver nano particles. Since, the nitrogen centers of creatinine have greater affinity to act as binding sites for the Ag + ions according to the Pearson's classification . After the adsorption of creatinine by RGO/AgNPs film, its surface gets aggregated which is confirmed by the SEM and HRTEM images (Fig (A) and (B)).…”

Noble Metal Nanoparticles in Pectin Matrix. Preparation, Film Formation, Property Analysis, and Application in Electrocatalysis

“… 19 , 27 The studies of the electrocatalytic properties of films formed by these materials were limited to AuNPs/pectin and explored for sensing. 25 , 31 , 41 , 43 , 44 …”

“…The availability of carboxyl or hydroxyl groups affects their chemistry , because nonesterified carboxyl groups may coordinate to the metal ions and reduce them to metals in the absence of other reductants. ,− , The pectin route was applied to prepare Au, Ag, Au/Ag, and Pd nanoparticles. As a result, NMNPs/pectin materials ,,,− or pectin-stabilized NMNPs ,,,,− were prepared.…”

“…Prospective medical applications of NMNPs/pectin materials as controlled release of nanoparticles, targeted drug delivery, singlet oxygen generation for photodynamic therapy, theranostics, and antibacterial/healing treatment , were reported. Other areas include surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and catalysis. , The studies of the electrocatalytic properties of films formed by these materials were limited to AuNPs/pectin and explored for sensing. ,,,, …”

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“…The analysis of herbicides is an important field of analytical chemistry undergoing rapid development. These compounds protect agricultural crops, but overuse and incorrect use can pose risks to human health and the environment . Even if small amounts of herbicide residues remain in the food supply, they constitute a potential risk for the human health because of their sub‐acute and chronic toxicity .…”