“…12,26 Only active mechanisms of CA buffer the transmission of BP fluctuations onto CBFV, and result in the negative phase shift between the oscillations of the CA-input signal BP and the CA-output signal CBFV. 12,17,24,26,40 If CBFV oscillations were not actively modulated, but resulted passively from BP oscillations, phase angles between 0.1 Hz oscillations of CBFV and BP would change with changes in BP, for example, during 0.1 Hz NS-induced sympathetic activation or upon carvedilol-induced sympathetic blockade. 5,11,12,26 Such passive phase angle changes have been reported in patients with impaired CA.…”