A Simple, Cost-Effective Method for Involving Stakeholders in Spatial Assessments of Threats to Biodiversity

Treves, Adrian; Andriamampianina, Lanto; Didier, Karl; Gibson, Janet; Plumptre, Andrew; Wilkie, David; Zahler, Peter

doi:10.1080/10871200500470993

Cited by 20 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Likewise, differences between experts in their years of local experience were not significantly correlated with differences in their estimates of area under extractive use or intensity of use (Spearman rho=-0.004, p=0.98; rho=-0.22, p=0.17). 4 Conclusive endorsement of this expert mapping method is hindered by a relatively small sample size, but our findings bolster other multistakeholder spatial threats assessments that present it as a valuable complement to other techniques (Bojorquez-Tapia et al 2004;Treves et al 2006).…”

Section: Estimating the Spatial Extent Of Human Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…The experts were obliged to sketch their maps of resource use in a rapid manner on large-scale maps. Also, PAs varied markedly in (Pearce et al 2001;Yamada et al 2003;Bojorquez-Tapia et al 2004;Treves et al 2006). To test the accuracy of the participatory mapping exercise in this case, we examined interobserver variability within the PAs and tested for possible biases among experts across the PAs according to the type of organization they represented and the number of years they had been working in the area.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Expanding protected areas and incorporating human resource use: a study of 15 forest parks in Ecuador and Peru

Naughton‐Treves

Álvarez-Berríos

Brandon

et al. 2006

Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy

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Data from legal records, management plans, and interviews with 63 local experts reveal the substantial expansion of 15 protected areas (PAs) of forest in Ecuador and Peru during the last two decades. Combining results for these PAs, the area under protection increased by over half, from 5,760,814 to 8,972,896 ha, with the Amazonian PAs adding the greatest expanse. Most of this expanded land was legally designated for strict protection; however, in practice, human resource use and settlement are widespread. Hunting is the most common resource use, followed by logging and livestock grazing. Mining and petroleum extraction also occur in four of the 15 PAs. Together these activities on average affect approximately 30% of the area within eight Peruvian PAs and approximately 45% of the area of seven Ecuadorian PAs, far exceeding previous deforestation estimates. By expanding these PAs, Ecuadorian and Peruvian conservationists have significantly improved the coverage of key ecosystems and endangered habitats. However, they now face the daunting task of managing larger, more complex protected areas that de facto include thousands of local people. Conservation agencies in both countries are turning toward land-use zoning within PAs to integrate resource use with biodiversity conservation.

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Section: Estimating the Spatial Extent Of Human Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 48%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding protected areas and incorporating human resource use: a study of 15 forest parks in Ecuador and Peru

Naughton‐Treves

Álvarez-Berríos

Brandon

et al. 2006

Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy

Self Cite

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“…), and because participatory intervention planning is recognized as an effective approach in resolving conflicts and promoting the implementation and use of interventions (Treves et al . , ; Reed ). In May 2016, a total of 54 affected and interested parties (livestock owners and government agencies) were recruited to help evaluate and select feasible interventions (WebPanel 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We divided participatory workshops into five sections (following Treves et al . , ; Newing et al . ): (1) introduction to the subject and aim of the workshop; (2) presentation of a wide range of possible interventions for reducing predation on livestock; (3) small‐group discussions about interventions (“buzz groups” with 5–6 participants per group) assisted by facilitators; (4) presentation of ideal examples of interventions selected by the whole group; and finally (5) discussion about the selected intervention.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐lethal defense of livestock against predators: flashing lights deter puma attacks in Chile

Ohrens

Bonacic

Treves

2019

Frontiers in Ecol & Environ

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Anthropogenic mortality among populations of large terrestrial carnivores undermines the health of ecosystems globally, and generally increases when people respond lethally to real or perceived threats to property, including livestock. Reducing such threats through the use of non‐lethal methods could therefore protect both large predators and human interests. However, the scarcity of information on the effectiveness of methods to prevent livestock predation hinders the formulation of science‐based policy. We present the results of a randomized crossover experimental test of a method to prevent predation on livestock, which to our knowledge is the first such test in Latin America. By relying on a so‐called “gold‐standard” design, we evaluated the effectiveness of using flashing lights to deter predators. We found that light deterrents discouraged pumas (Puma concolor) but not Andean foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus) from preying on alpacas (Vicugna pacos) and llamas (Lama glama), and demonstrated that gold‐standard experiments are feasible in large natural ecosystems, contradicting assumptions that people will reject placebo controls and that such systems contain too many confounding variables. Functionally effective non‐lethal methods can protect wildlife, livestock, and people. Strong inference is needed for the development of sound policy concerning wildlife management, livestock husbandry, environmental conservation, and biodiversity.

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“…Participatory Rural Appraisal, such as risk mapping and decision modelling, have been used with success in previous studies of human-carnivore coexistence (e.g. Jackson & Wangchuk, 2004;Redpath et al, 2004;Treves, Andriamampianina, Didier, et al, 2006).…”

Section: Participatory Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the human dimensions of coexistence between carnivores and people: A case study in Namibia

Rust¹

2018

Preprint

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Many carnivore populations were in decline throughout much of the 20 th century, but due to recent conservation policies, their numbers are stabilising or even increasing in some areas of the world. This, compounded with human population growth, has caused increased livestock depredation by carnivores, which threatens farmer livelihoods, particularly those in developing countries such as Namibia. How to resolve this so-called "conflict" between carnivores and livestock farmers remains challenging, in part because some mitigation strategies have proven somewhat ineffective or unacceptable. By using a case-study approach on the commercial farmlands of northcentral Namibia, I aimed to understand the complexity of the human dimensions affecting coexistence between carnivores and people in an unprotected working landscape. Specifically, my objectives were to 1) develop a participatory decisionmaking exercise to analyse the views of stakeholders on how they would like carnivores to be managed in unprotected lands, 2) understand how the media framed financial incentives to improve human-carnivore coexistence, and 3) determine if there were any underlying social, economic or political causes of negative human-carnivore interactions on commercial livestock farms.To answer objective 1, I developed a new decision-making exercise that combined Q-methodology and the Delphi technique to determine whether a diverse group of stakeholders could agree on how to manage carnivores on commercial farmland. A strong agreement was reached by participants: providing conservation education and training on livestock husbandry were acceptable and effective ways to improve coexistence with carnivores. This new also method highlighted areas of disagreement between stakeholders and showed that there were two different narratives on how carnivores should be managed. This method could be used by policy makers to help with participatory decision-making for resolving other conservation conflicts.To answer objective 2, I undertook content analysis of national newspapers to determine how the media framed articles on financial incentives to mitigate this conservation conflict. The most common (30%) financial incentive discussed was compensation -many (61%) of these articles framed compensation positively. Niki Rust © 2015However, upon categorising these articles into those where respondents were enrolled in compensation schemes compared with those who were not, a clear pattern emerged: articles were more likely (89%) to be framed ambivalently or negatively when respondents had experience of this financial incentive compared with respondents that did not. These results can help conservationists plan more effective communication interventions and anticipate issues that can affect the success of mitigation strategies.To answer objective 3, I undertook eight months of participant observation on livestock farms and interviewed 69 respondents and found that reported livestock depredation was associated with increased instances of poaching of wildl...

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A Simple, Cost-Effective Method for Involving Stakeholders in Spatial Assessments of Threats to Biodiversity

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

Expanding protected areas and incorporating human resource use: a study of 15 forest parks in Ecuador and Peru

Expanding protected areas and incorporating human resource use: a study of 15 forest parks in Ecuador and Peru

Non‐lethal defense of livestock against predators: flashing lights deter puma attacks in Chile

Understanding the human dimensions of coexistence between carnivores and people: A case study in Namibia

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