A simple control-oriented model of an indirect-fired strip annealing furnace

Niederer, Martin; Strommer, Stephan; Steinboeck, Andreas; Kugi, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.06.080

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The first step was the analysis of the key parameters needed to calculate the strip's temperature: strip's format, speed, type of steel and zone temperatures were identified as the main ones. Afterwards, the physical modelling was addressed assuming the following simplification: as the predominant heat exchange mechanism in the furnace is radiation [10,16,17], the model calculates the temperature of the strip based only on the temperature of the radiant tubes. This hypothesis limits the model capabilities, which can only study the furnace in steady conditions, but this is still aligned with the model requirements.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modeling of annealing furnaces is one of the best tools to improve the performance of a galvanizing line. There are several references in the literature about furnace models: some of them require the use of FEM, which entails an increase in complexity and longer computational time in case of 3D [6], but can be simplified to 2D and used online [7]; others, based on neural networks [8,9], are used to monitor the performance of the furnace over time; and finally, there are some models including combustion [10,11] that fulfill control purposes with a certain degree of accuracy. There are some other examples of modelling of the complete furnace system, including the furnace rolls and the combustion process [6,[12][13][14][15], however, none of these different approaches use the radiant tube temperatures or the status of the radiant tubes as is proposed in the model presented in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Practical thermal model for a radiant tubes annealing furnace

Garcia-Martino

Prieto

2020

Metall. Res. Technol.

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Modeling of vertical radiant tube annealing furnaces has proven to be one of the best tools to improve the performance of a galvanizing line. However, there is a lack of a practical model able to consider the temperature and status of the radiant tubes, which are key elements in the capacity of the furnace. The model proposed divides the furnace in several segments and compares the radiated heat, that is exchanged between the radiant tubes and the strip, and the heat required to increase the temperature of the mass flow on the strip. This comparison is represented as an implicit equation where the strip's temperature is obtained by iteration. The model is validated calculating the final temperature of more than five hundred coils divided in four different steel families. The 90% of the calculated temperatures are within a 2% deviation range compared to the measured temperatures. This model combines good accuracy in the results with low computational times, allowing the simulation of hundreds of coils in a few minutes.

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Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical thermal model for a radiant tubes annealing furnace

Garcia-Martino

Prieto

2020

Metall. Res. Technol.

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“…During annealing, the strip to be heated passes between several pairs of W-shaped radiant tubes (R/Ts). R/Ts [4], [11] installed on the wall are placed on the top and bottom of the strip to efficiently supply radiant heat. The wall, R/Ts, deflection roll, and strip are interrelated through heat radiation [3]- [5], which causes the temperature of the structures to change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many control methods for the strip temperature have been proposed to track the change in the target temperature of the strips after the welding point [2], [4], [5], [8]- [25]. Methods using PID controller have been introduced [16]- [18], [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the larger the size of HS, the more sensors are required to measure more parameters; in practice, the number of the sensors cannot be adequate to minimize sensor installation cost or owing to the installation environment. Therefore, these differences in the HS can cause the following problems when obtaining a nonlinear model for the MPC [4], [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-Order Model Identification and Adaptive Observer-Based Predictive Control for Strip Temperature of Heating Section in Annealing Furnace

et al. 2021

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The heating section of an annealing furnace is a plant that raises the temperature of steel strips to the desired target temperature to ensure that the strips achieve the desired material properties. Model predictive control (MPC) has been used to increase the temperature in previously published studies, because it reflects the geometrical and material characteristics of the strip. An accurate temperature predictive model for the annealing furnace is required for the optimization of the MPC. For a large and complex annealing furnace, nonlinear models from existing studies are computationally expensive. Therefore, we propose identification method of a linear low-order model, and then apply it to the MPC. In addition, we introduce parameter estimation and an adaptive observer for the estimation to address difficulties in identifying unknown parameters. To verify the identified model and adaptive observer-based MPC, control results from the tracking of target temperature are shown and analyzed through a simulation with conditions close to the actual operation conditions. Furthermore, the simulation results of the proposed method are compared with those of the PI controller and nonlinear MPC. The proposed method solves the problems caused by the massive computational complexity and absence of sensors. The proposed method allows for the accurate control of the temperature using MPC in various types of annealing furnaces.

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