A simple colorimetric method for estimation of tramadol hydrochloride in pure and tablet dosage forms

Abstract

Objective:The objective of this study was to develop and validate a simple method for estimation of tramadol hydrochloride (TH) in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms using a colorimeter.Materials and Methods:TH on reaction with Eriochrome Black T in the presence of acetate buffer at pH 3.5 forms a colored complex. This complex was extracted with a fixed volume of chloroform. The optical density of this colored complex was measured against reagent blank using a colorimeter at 520 nm.Results:Beer's law was obeyed with a good correlation coefficient (0.999) in the concentration range of 2.5 μg/ml to 10 μg/ml. Drug content estimation and recovery studies carried out on commercial tablet dosage forms demonstrated the accuracy of the method and that excipients do not cause interference. Precision and robustness were measured and found to be acceptable (% relative standard deviation <2%).Conclusion:The proposed method can be used for the rapid determination of TH content in tablets at a health-care provider level using already available staff and equipment.

New Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy for the Estimation of Tramadol Hydrochloride Capsules

“…The literature survey revealed that many analytical methods like Colorimetry [8], UV spectrophotometry [9], HPTLC [10] and HPLC [11][12][13] were reported for the estimation of Tramadol HCl in pharmaceutical formulations, which involved lengthy sample preparations using expensive solvents. To the best of our knowledge, there is no published literature data on a solvent-free analytical method for the quantitation of Tramadol HCl in pharmaceutical dosage form using FTIR.…”

“…All the results show that the proposed method can be used as an alternative for the assay of Tramadol HCl capsules. It shows an easy sample treatment procedure consuming less time compared to other procedures such as colorimetry [7], visible and ultraviolet spectroscopy [8,9], HPTLC [10] and HPLC [11][12][13]. The advantage is that no organic solvent is required.…”

Interpol review of controlled substances 2016–2019

“…Tramadol: 2016 Potentiometric selective electrodes designed for the electrochemical determination of tramadol hydrochloride in bulk, Pharmaceutical formulations (also applied to plasma and urine) [ 487 ]; cyclic voltammetry for the determination of tramadol (also paracetamol and caffeine) [ 488 ]; RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of tramadol hydrochloride and dicyclomine in bulk and tablet dosage form [ 489 ]; all-solid-state ion selective electrode for the determination of Tramadol Hydrochloride [ 490 ]; electrochemical sensor fabricated based on a glassy carbon electrode for determination of tramadol in pharmaceutical and biological samples [ 491 ]; all solid state polymeric membrane electrode for analysis of tramadol hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations [ 492 ]; UV spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of paracetamol and tramadol in paracetamol-tramadol tablets [ 493 ]; formulation and dissolution kinetics study of hydrophilic matrix tablets with tramadol hydrochloride and different co-processed dry binders as possible controlled release formulations [ 494 ]; colorimetric method for estimation of tramadol hydrochloride in pure and tablet dosage forms [ 495 ]; predictive pharmacokinetics of tramadol hydrochloride floating tablets [ 496 ]; 2017 electrochemical imprinted sensor for determination of tramadol by combination of a functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes and a thin molecularly imprinted film [ 497 ]; RP-HPLC method for simultaneous quantitation of tramadol and aceclofenac [ 498 ]; voltammetric determination of tramadol [ 499 ]; electrochemical determination of tramadol and paracetamol [ 500 ]; review article on tramadol [ 501 ]; electrochemical sensors for the determination of tramadol hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations [ 502 ]; glassy carbon electrode for determination of warfarin and tramadol in pharmaceutical compounds [ 503 ]; anisotropic (spherical/hexagon/cube) silver nanoparticle embedded magnetic carbon nanosphere as platform for designing of tramadol imprinted polymer [ 504 ]; synthesis of phosphorylated derivatives of cis-tramadol and analysis by IR, NMR (H-1, C-13, P-31), mass spectra, and C, H, N [ 505 ]; development of controlled release matrix tablets of tramadol [ 506 ]; enantiomeric separation of tramadol by LC with fluorescence detection [ 507 ]; 2018 LC-MS/MS Quantification of Tramadol and Gabapentin Utilizing Solid Phase Extraction [ 508 ]; liquid-liquid microextraction combined with GC-FID for the quantification of methadone and tramadol [ 509 ]; sensor for the determination of tramadol in pharmaceutical and biological samples [ 510 ]; 15-year overview of increasing tramadol utilization and the impact of tramadol classificat...…”

Development of a novel LC–MS/MS method for detection and quantification of tramadol hydrochloride in presence of some mislabeled drugs: Application to counterfeit study

“…A literature survey revealed that several methods have been reported for the determination of TRM either alone or in the presence of other co‐formulated materials. These include spectrophotometric (Abdellatef, ; Amin, Adawy, Ali, & El‐Shahatt, ; Dhumal, Bhusari, Ghante, & Jain, ; Glavanović, Glavanović, & Tomišić, ; Lakshmi, Ravisankar, Kumar, & Babu, ; Thomas & Sankar, ), spectrofluorimetric (Abdellatef, El‐Henawee, El‐Sayed, & Ayad, ; Smith, Manavalan, Kannan, & Rajendiran, ), chromatographic (Baconi, Stan, Abdul Jalil Ebrahim, Tuchila, & Balalau, ; Batool, Ahmed, & Rasheed, ; Desai, Captain, & Kamdar, ; Dhumal, Bhusari, Patra, Thareja, & Jain, ; Karunakaran, Navaneethan, & Elango, ; Kiarostami, Rouini, Mohammadian, Lavasani, & Ghazaghi, ; Ravisankar, Sridevi, & Kumari, ; Solomon, Anand, Shukla, Sivakumar, & Venkatnarayanan, ), electrochemical (Chitravathi & Munichandraiah, ; Deiminiat, Rounaghi, & Arbab‐Zavar, ; Fakhari, Sahragard, Ahmar, & Tabani, ; Ganjali, Razavi, Faridbod, Riahi, & Norouzi, ; Madrakian, Alizadeh, Bahram, & Afkhami, ) and electrophoresis (Cunha, Ribeiro, Muñoz, & Richter, ) methods in addition to the hyphenated methods where the chromatographic separations are coupled with the detection (El‐Sayed, Mohamed, Nasser, Button, & Holt, ; Haage, Kronstrand, Carlsson, Kugelberg, & Josefsson, ; Liu, Wang, Yu, Dong, & Yue, ; Tambe, Deodhar, & Prakya, ; Tanaka, Naito, Mino, & Kawakami, ; Yilmaz & Erdem, ). Thus, the aim of the present study was to develop a highly sensitive, rapid and accurate LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of TRM and some expected co‐formulated compounds.…”