A simple assay to probe disease-associated enzyme activity using glycosaminoglycan-assisted synthesized gold nanoparticles

Abstract

A simple assay to probe disease-associated enzyme activity using glycosaminoglycan-assisted synthesized gold nanoparticles is reported.

Multifunctional Nanoscale Platforms for Targeting of the Cancer Cell Immortality Spectrum

“…[72][73][74] A change in the level of activity of GAG-modifying lyases has been implicated in the progression of various diseases including cancer. [72,77] For instance, the increase of heparanase activity in myeloma patients enables monitoring of heparanase activity as a strategic tumor surveillance option. [77,78] Unfortunately, in vivo detection of heparanase activity is challenging, owing to the fact that lyase activity is typically measured by monitoring absorbance at 232 nm and most biological materials interfere with this absorbance.…”

“…[72,77] For instance, the increase of heparanase activity in myeloma patients enables monitoring of heparanase activity as a strategic tumor surveillance option. [77,78] Unfortunately, in vivo detection of heparanase activity is challenging, owing to the fact that lyase activity is typically measured by monitoring absorbance at 232 nm and most biological materials interfere with this absorbance. [77][78][79][80][81] However, GAG-conjugated gold nanoparticles have recently been used to shift the absorbance spectra, thus providing an interference-free in vivo assay for tumor detection and surveillance thereafter.…”

“…[77,78] Unfortunately, in vivo detection of heparanase activity is challenging, owing to the fact that lyase activity is typically measured by monitoring absorbance at 232 nm and most biological materials interfere with this absorbance. [77][78][79][80][81] However, GAG-conjugated gold nanoparticles have recently been used to shift the absorbance spectra, thus providing an interference-free in vivo assay for tumor detection and surveillance thereafter. [77] The success of these nanoscale technologies arises from the ability to easily manipulate the localization properties of the nanoscale complexes.…”

“…[77][78][79][80][81] However, GAG-conjugated gold nanoparticles have recently been used to shift the absorbance spectra, thus providing an interference-free in vivo assay for tumor detection and surveillance thereafter. [77] The success of these nanoscale technologies arises from the ability to easily manipulate the localization properties of the nanoscale complexes. Due to the diversity of localization methods available, including DNA/RNA aptamers, [82] immunoliposomes, [83] lipidoids, [84] and receptorbased ligands, [85] nanotechnology allows an unprecedented level of precision and accuracy for spatial localization (e.g.…”

Multivalent glycoconjugates in medicinal chemistry

“…The activity of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes related to pathophysiological alterations in human diseases has also been tested using polysaccharide-GNPs. 120 Biosensing methods other than colorimetric ones have been developed. Biotinylated carbohydrate-based copolymers containing b-GlcNAc or a-Man residues were conjugated to the surface of gold nanoparticles and immobilized on an avidin-coated DOTLab s sensor chip (Diffraction Optic Technology) to study the specific recognition of carbohydrates with lectins Con A or wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), 121 the first one recognizing a-Man, and the second one recognizing b-GlcNAc residues.…”