A simple approach to synthesize novel sulfur/graphene oxide/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite cathode for high performance lithium/sulfur batteries

Abstract

A sulfur/graphene oxide/multiwalled carbon nanotube (S/GO/MWNT) composite was synthesized via a simple ultrasonic mixing method followed by heat treatment. By taking advantage of this solution-based self-assembly synthesis route, poisonous and noxious reagents and complicated fabrication processes are rendered unnecessary, thereby simplifying its manufacturing and decreasing the cost of the final product. Transmission and scanning electronic microscopy observations indicated the formation of the threedimensional interconnected S/GO/MWNT composite through the environmentally friendly process. The GO layers and long MWNTs synergistically constructed hierarchical electron/ion pathways, favoring the ion transport and electrolyte diffusion. The interlaced network can serve as sponges to physically absorb polysulfides to their wrinkled surface and porous structure. In addition, GO could confine the polysulfides' dissolution through chemical absorption by the functional groups on GO layers. Therefore, the resulting S/GO/MWNT composite exhibits good rate capability and highly stable specific discharge capacity of 773 mA h g −1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 C.

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles as sulfur encapsulator for high-performance lithium/sulfur batteries

“…Due to its high theoretical specific capacity of 1672 mAh·g −1 and energy density of 2600 Wh·kg −1 , sulfur has been considered as a promising cathode material for lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries [ 1 ]. Additionally, sulfur is naturally abundant, has low cost and is environmentally friendly.…”

Interfacial chemistry and ion-transfer mechanism for a tailored poly(thioether)-enabled hybrid solid polymer electrolyte with electrochemical properties in all-solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries

“…5j) could be assigned to elemental sulfur (S 8 0 ) and SO 3 2− , while the other peaks at 169.2 and 170.5 eV were attributed to SO 4 2− and RSO 2 F, suggesting the decomposition of the electrolyte (TFSI − ). 51,[53][54][55][56] XPS analysis was performed of the surface of the PEO/LiTFSI/ PTE CSPE to the sulfur cathode in the Li-S battery aer 10 cycles, and the spectra are shown in Fig. 5k and l.…”

“…5j) could be assigned to elemental sulfur (S 8 0 ) and SO 3 2− , while the other peaks at 169.2 and 170.5 eV were attributed to SO 4 2− and RSO 2 F, suggesting the decomposition of the electrolyte (TFSI − ). 51,53–56…”