“…Single-factor stochastic volatility models, including Stein and Stein, 1 Heston, 2 and Sch€ obel and Zhu, 3 can explain the volatility smile observed in the real market. Many literatures consider American options pricing under these models by developing some numerical methods, including the finite difference methods of Ikonen and Toivanen, 4,5 Ito and Toivanen, 6 Zhu and Chen, 7 and some extensions, such as Kunoth et al, 8 Rambeerich et al, 9 Ballestra and Pacelli, 10 and Burkovska et al, 11 the Monte Carlo simulation method of Abbas-Turki and Lapeyre 12 and the tree methods of Beliaeva and Nawalkha 13 and Ruckdeschel et al 14 However, single-factor stochastic volatility models are not able to fit the implied volatility smile very well. Evidence from Cont and Tankov, 15 Fonseca et al, 16 Christoffersen et al, 17 and Fouque and Lorig 18 indicate that single-factor models can do a poor job in capturing the term structures of implicit volatilities over time.…”