A simple and specific screen for benzodiazepine-like drugs

Chlordiazepoxide-induced reversal of an amphetamine-established aversion: Dipsogenic effects

“…Although chlordiazepoxide has been demonstrated to be dipsogenic under a variety of conditions (Bacotti & Barrett, 1976;Barrett & Weinberg, 1975;Garnzu, 1977;Poschel, 1971;Soubrie et al, 1976), the specific conditions under which chlordiazepoxide attenuated food aversions (Cappell & LeBlanc, 1973) have not been examined. As suggested, prior to assessing the interpretation that the chlordiazepoxideinduced attenuation of food aversions is a result of chlordiazepoxide's dipsogenic effect, it is necessary first to demonstrate that chlordiazepoxide increases levels of consumption under these conditions.…”

“…This interpretation has received considerable attention in the food aversion literature (Braveman, 1975;BureS & Buresova, 1978;Gamzu, 1977;Mitchell, Fairbanks, & Laycock, 1977), primarily when an attempt is made at elucidating a possible stress or emotional substrate for food aversions. However, although chloriazepoxide clearly affects suppressed or punished behavior (McKearney, 1973;Miczek & Lau, 1975), the drug-induced attenuation of food aversions can also be explained in terms of a second property of chlordiazepoxide, i.e., the drug's dipsogenic effects (Bacotti & Barrett, 1976;Barrett & Weinberg, 1975; The authors would like to thank E. Garnzu Frontali, Amorico, Acetis, & Bignami, 1976;Maickel & Maloney, 1973;Poschel, 1971).…”

“…This dipsogenic effect of chlordiazepoxide is quite general and can be indexed by a number of measures (poschel, 1971;Soubrie, De Angelis, Simon, & Boissier, 1976), in a number of different environmental settings (Soubrie et al, 1976), under a number of states of deprivation (Miczek, 1973;Poschel, 1971), under operant, free-choice, or adjunctive schedules (Bacotti & Barrett, 1976;McKearney, 1973;Miczek & Lau, 1975), and with a variety of fluids, both novel and familiar (Miczek, 1973;Poschel, 1971;Soubrie et al, 1976; Garnzu, Note 1). It appears, therefore, that under a wide variety of conditions (only a few of which have a suppressed or inhibited fluid baseline), chlordiazepoxide is quite effective in increasing the rat's normal level of fluid consumption.…”

General Pharmacology and Neuropharmacology of Benzodiazepine Derivatives

“…Adjunctive drinking that developed in starved rats which had water spouts available during feeding sessions was enhanced with low doses of diazepam and ripazepam (SANGER and BLACKMAN, 1976). When sweetened or adulterated milk instead of water was offered to rats which were either naive or familiar, deprived or satiated, in the home cage or in a test box, increased drinking occurred after chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, lorazepam, medazepam, nitrazepam, and oxazepam or pyrazapon (GLUCKMAN, 1965(GLUCKMAN, , 1971MARGULES and STEIN, 1967;POSCHEL, 1971;POSCHEL et aI., 1974;JOHNSON, 1978).…”

Buspirone antagonizes the expression of conditioned taste aversion in rats

“…It is easy to see how neophibia and conditioned aversions could produce a suppression of fluid intake, and an effect of anxiolytic drugs on those behaviors is consistent with an anxiolytic effect being expressed as a dipsogenic effect [Poschel, 1971;Cappell and LeBlanc, 19731. The ability of anxiolytics to increase unsuppressed fluid consumption is a paradox.…”