Abstract:Objective Urinary retention caused by bladder clots can be frustrating because such blood clots are difficult to remove. We established a novel technique in which hydrogen peroxide is applied to evacuate bladder clots. Methods In this single-center retrospective study, we evaluated 31 patients with retention of blood clots in the bladder who underwent emergency evacuation using hydrogen peroxide. Results The patients comprised 17 men and 14 women with mean age of 61.2 years (range, 42–82 years). Hydrogen perox… Show more
“…Although MBW is the standard procedure for urinary retention by blood clot formation, the most efficient catheter for MBW has not yet been studied. MBW is sometimes time-consuming, exhausting, and inefficient, which might prolong the patients’ suffering 2 . CATCH-22, a standardized MBW protocol for the management of bladder clot retention, recommended the use of at least 22 Fr catheters, the best infection control catheter manipulation, to assist clearing clot in all quadrants of the bladder, and Clot + 1 L rule 6 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Occasionally, it causes urinary retention by blood clot formation, which is a common emergency in urological practice. Patients may develop severe pain if the clots are not evacuated in a timely manner 2 . Blood clot retention can develop various symptoms, including tachycardia, hypertension, bladder rupture, and perforation from an acutely overdistended bladder 3 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The first report of manual bladder washout (MBW) involved the use of 24 Fr Brown-Buerger cystoscopic sheath for bladder clot retention 4 in 1929. Currently, MBW through a Foley catheter and syringe is the most common and simple method of removing such blood clots 2 . The procedure involves insertion of a urinary catheter into the bladder via the urethra, followed by bladder irrigation using a 60 ml catheter tip syringe filled with a saline solution until the clot is removed 5 .…”
Our purpose was to evaluate the efficiency of manual bladder washout (MBW) for bladder retention by blood clot formation using urinary catheters. Three types of 22 Fr urinary catheters, a rounded tip Foley catheter (FC) with the standard two eyes, an open-ended Nelaton catheter (NC) with a side hole, and an open-ended Foley catheter (OEFC) with a side hole closer to the tip than NC, were evaluated. An automatic irrigation device that could perform a predetermined procedure mimicking MBW under constant velocity was fabricated. The procedure using catheters and the device was performed in a pseudo blood clot or in water. The total area of the holes was the largest in NC followed by FC and OEFC. The predetermined operations using our device revealed that NC needed less force and could effectively remove pseudo clots from the early stage of the operations. Fluid visualization experiments suggested that a closer distance between the tip and the side hole could improve the efficiency of clot removal. In conclusion, the larger the area of the hole in urinary catheter, the less force is required for MBW. Furthermore, the most efficient catheter with two holes for MBW needs to be at least open-ended with a side hole closer to the tip.
“…Although MBW is the standard procedure for urinary retention by blood clot formation, the most efficient catheter for MBW has not yet been studied. MBW is sometimes time-consuming, exhausting, and inefficient, which might prolong the patients’ suffering 2 . CATCH-22, a standardized MBW protocol for the management of bladder clot retention, recommended the use of at least 22 Fr catheters, the best infection control catheter manipulation, to assist clearing clot in all quadrants of the bladder, and Clot + 1 L rule 6 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Occasionally, it causes urinary retention by blood clot formation, which is a common emergency in urological practice. Patients may develop severe pain if the clots are not evacuated in a timely manner 2 . Blood clot retention can develop various symptoms, including tachycardia, hypertension, bladder rupture, and perforation from an acutely overdistended bladder 3 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The first report of manual bladder washout (MBW) involved the use of 24 Fr Brown-Buerger cystoscopic sheath for bladder clot retention 4 in 1929. Currently, MBW through a Foley catheter and syringe is the most common and simple method of removing such blood clots 2 . The procedure involves insertion of a urinary catheter into the bladder via the urethra, followed by bladder irrigation using a 60 ml catheter tip syringe filled with a saline solution until the clot is removed 5 .…”
Our purpose was to evaluate the efficiency of manual bladder washout (MBW) for bladder retention by blood clot formation using urinary catheters. Three types of 22 Fr urinary catheters, a rounded tip Foley catheter (FC) with the standard two eyes, an open-ended Nelaton catheter (NC) with a side hole, and an open-ended Foley catheter (OEFC) with a side hole closer to the tip than NC, were evaluated. An automatic irrigation device that could perform a predetermined procedure mimicking MBW under constant velocity was fabricated. The procedure using catheters and the device was performed in a pseudo blood clot or in water. The total area of the holes was the largest in NC followed by FC and OEFC. The predetermined operations using our device revealed that NC needed less force and could effectively remove pseudo clots from the early stage of the operations. Fluid visualization experiments suggested that a closer distance between the tip and the side hole could improve the efficiency of clot removal. In conclusion, the larger the area of the hole in urinary catheter, the less force is required for MBW. Furthermore, the most efficient catheter with two holes for MBW needs to be at least open-ended with a side hole closer to the tip.
“…Another important effect that hydrogen peroxide cause is hemostasis due to the activation of the tissue factor, platelet aggregation regulating the contractility and function of the barrier of the endothelial cells and by stimulating the activation of the platelet-derived growth factor [ 6 , 8 ]. Several articles demonstrated that there were no adverse effects with the use of hydrogen peroxide in the bladder [ 2 , 9 , 10 ]. The concentration used in this study was the one proposed by Warlick et al.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There could be a big concern in what are the potential damages to the bladder mucosa; nevertheless, Xu et al. [ 9 ] mentioned that in cystoscopy performed 6 months posterior to the bladder irrigation with hydrogen peroxide no abnormalities were found. Figure 1 The placement of the three-way catheter and bladder flushing.…”
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
