A simple and economical in-house phage technique for the rapid detection of rifampin, isoniazid, ethambutol, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, directly on decontaminated sputum samples

Hemvani, Nanda; Patidar, Vikas; Chitnis, DS

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2011.12.016

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Of the 88 studies, 14 were in East Asia (all of which were from China)[12], [13], [28]–[39], 16 in South Asia [3], [16], [17], [40]–[52], 15 in Southeast Asia [7], [9], [15], [53]–[64], 11 in Latin America [2], [14], [18], [65]–[72], 9 in Sub-Saharan Africa [73]–[81], 9 in Europe [8], [10], [82]–[88], and 14 in North America [1], [5], [89]–[99]. Of these, 66 [1]–[3], [7]–[9], [12], [14]–[17], [28], [29], [31]–[39], [41]–[51], [53], [55], [57], [59]–[61], [63]–[67], [70]–[72], [74]–[77], [79]–[88], [93]–[95], [100] included a biological HIV assay and had a sample size of ≥50, and thus were included in the analyses, representing 31,924 men who engaged in transactional sex with other men in 28 countries (Figure 1). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Burden of HIV among Men Who Engage in Transactional Sex: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2014

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BackgroundMen who engage in transactional sex, the exchange of sex for money, goods, or other items of value, are thought to be at increased risk of HIV, but there have been no systematic attempts to characterize HIV burden in this population. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the burden in this population compared with that of men in the general population to better inform future HIV prevention efforts.MethodsWe searched seven electronic databases, national surveillance reports, and conference abstracts for studies of men who engage in transactional sex published between 2004–2013. Random effects meta-analysis was used to determine pooled HIV prevalence and prevalence ratios (PR) for the difference in HIV prevalence among men who engage in transactional sex as compared to general population men.FindingsOf 66 studies included representing 31,924 men who had engaged in transactional sex in 28 countries, pooled biological assay-confirmed HIV prevalence was 10.5% (95% CI = 9.4 to 11.5%). The highest pooled HIV prevalence was in Sub-Saharan Africa (31.5%, 95% CI = 21.6 to 41.5%), followed by Latin America (19.3%, 95% CI = 15.5 to 23.1%), North America (16.6%, 95% CI = 3.7 to 29.5%), and Europe (12.2%, 95% CI = 6.0 to 17.2%). Men who engaged in transactional sex had an elevated burden of HIV compared to the general male population (PR = 20.7, 95% CI = 16.8 to 25.5).ConclusionsThe global burden of HIV is disproportionately high among men who engage in transactional sex compared with the general male population. There is an urgent need to include this population in systematic surveillance as well as to scale-up access to quality HIV prevention programs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Burden of HIV among Men Who Engage in Transactional Sex: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2014

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“…While numerous studies have examined HIV risk behavior among MSW in other parts of Southeast Asia (Biello et al, 2014; Chemnasiri et al, 2010; Colby et al, 2012; Guadamuz et al, 2010; Toledo et al, 2010), these studies have focused on Thailand and Vietnam. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have explored risk factors and motivations for engaging in sex work among MSW in India (Shinde et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transactional sex and the challenges to safer sexual behaviors: a study among male sex workers in Chennai, India

et al. 2016

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Male sex workers (MSW) are a significant but invisible population in India who are at risk for HIV/STI. Few studies from India have documented HIV risk factors and motivations for sex work in this population. Between 2013 and 2014, a community-based convenience sample of 100 MSW in Chennai (south India) completed a baseline risk assessment as part of a behavioral intervention. Participants were ≥18 years, and reported current sex work. We report medians and proportions, and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests are used to examine differences between sex work and sexual behavior measures by income source. Participants were engaged in sex work for 5.0 years (IQR=2.3-10.0), and earned 3,000 (IQR=2000-8000) Rupees (<50 USD) per month from sex work. Sixty-four percent reported ever testing for HIV and 20.2% for any STI. The most common reasons for starting sex work were money (83.0) and pleasure (56.0%). Participants reported 8.0 (IQR=3.0-15.0) male clients and 7 (IQR=4.0-15.0) condomless anal sex acts with male clients in the past month. Compared to participants with an additional source of income, those whose only source of income was sex work reported more male clients in the past month (10.0 vs. 6.0, p=0.017), as well as more condomless anal sex acts with male clients (8.0 vs. 5.0, p=0.008). Nearly 70.0% were offered more money not to use a condom during sex with a client, and 74.2% reported accepting more money not to use a condom. Three-quarters reported having experienced difficulty using condoms with clients. MSW in India engage in high levels of sexual risk for HIV/STIs. Money appears to be a driving factor for engaging in sex work and condomless sex with clients. HIV prevention interventions with MSW should focus on facilitating skills that will support their ability to negotiate sexual safety in the context of monetary disincentives.

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“…Several phage-based methods have been proposed for TB diagnosis over time but there are few studies validating their use in sputum samples ( Banaiee et al, 2001 ; Albert et al, 2004 , 2007 ; Kiraz et al, 2007 ; Mole et al, 2007 ; Zhu et al, 2011 ; Hemvani et al, 2012 ; Jain et al, 2012 ; O’Donnell et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoromycobacteriophages Can Detect Viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Determine Phenotypic Rifampicin Resistance in 3–5 Days From Sputum Collection

et al. 2018

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The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 40% of tuberculosis (TB) cases are not diagnosed and treated correctly. Even though there are several diagnostic tests available in the market, rapid, easy, inexpensive detection, and drug susceptibility testing (DST) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is still of critical importance specially in low and middle-income countries with high incidence of the disease. In this work, we have developed a microscopy-based methodology using the reporter mycobacteriophage mCherrybombϕ for detection of Mycobacterium spp. and phenotypic determination of rifampicin resistance within just days from sputum sample collection. Fluoromycobacteriophage methodology is compatible with regularly used protocols in clinical laboratories for TB diagnosis and paraformaldehyde fixation after infection reduces biohazard risks with sample analysis by fluorescence microscopy. We have also set up conditions for discrimination between M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) strains by addition of p-nitrobenzoic acid (PNB) during the assay. Using clinical isolates of pre-XDR and XDR-TB strains from this study, we tested mCherrybombΦ for extended DST and we compared the antibiotic resistance profile with those predicted by whole genome sequencing. Our results emphasize the utility of a phenotypic test for M. tuberculosis extended DST. The many attributes of mCherrybombΦ suggests this could be a useful component of clinical microbiological laboratories for TB diagnosis and since only viable cells are detected this could be a useful tool for monitoring patient response to treatment.

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A simple and economical in-house phage technique for the rapid detection of rifampin, isoniazid, ethambutol, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, directly on decontaminated sputum samples

Abstract: The phage assay for the detection of drug resistance on direct decontaminated sputum samples is economical, easy to perform, and rapid.

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Global Burden of HIV among Men Who Engage in Transactional Sex: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Global Burden of HIV among Men Who Engage in Transactional Sex: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Transactional sex and the challenges to safer sexual behaviors: a study among male sex workers in Chennai, India

Fluoromycobacteriophages Can Detect Viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Determine Phenotypic Rifampicin Resistance in 3–5 Days From Sputum Collection

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