A simple and accurate model of photovoltaic modules for power system design

Manufacturing tolerances effects on PV array energy production

“…Different approach to model a PV module have been presented in literature [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]. From an electrical point of view, an ideal PV module can be modelled by a current source in parallel with a diode.…”

Comparison between the particle swarm optimisation and differential evolution approaches for the optimal proportional–integral controllers design during photovoltaic power plants modelling

“…In that sense both the solar radiation (300, 600 and 900 W/m 2 ) and temperature (35, 25 and 15°C) had changed. The simulation results showed that an increase in radiance generally caused an increase in the modules’ output currents while increase in operating temperature generally caused a drop in the module terminal voltage [11–13]. The measurements of the I – U curves of a small installation consisting of two series‐connected PV panels were performed to verify the results of the presented simulation model.…”

“…As such, a higher solar radiation level will result in increased power output from the solar panel. Apart from that it is noted that the terminal voltage decreases with increasing temperature [11–13]. This effect is due to the band‐gap energies of the semiconductor materials that reduce with decrease in temperature resulting in more electrons making it to the conduction band and hence a more efficient solar cell.…”

“…With the aid of various electronic power converters, mainly the direct current‐boost converters and inverters, this kind of energy can be utilised and transported to the electric grid [2, 4]. On the other hand, from an operational point of view, a PV module may experience large variances of its output power under variable weather conditions resulting in problems of grid control [3–13].…”

Realization of an Energetic Hub Based on a High-Performance Dish Stirling Plant

“…In the last few decades, academic and industrial research have been focused on renewable energy sources and clean energy production. However, optimal utilization of available solar energy is still an open research topic also considering the opportunity of hybrid system that allows the employment of thermal waste [1].…”