A silicon photonic evanescent-field sensor architecture using a fixed-wavelength laser

Chrostowski, Lukas; Dias, Leanne; Mitchell, Matthew; Mosquera, Connor; Luan, Enxiao; Al-Qadasi, Mohammed; Randhawa, Avineet; Mojaver, Hassan Rahbardar; Lyall, Eric; Gervais, Antoine; Dubé-Demers, Raphaël; Awan, Kashif M.; Gou, Steven; Liboiron-Ladouceur, Odile; Shi, Wei; Shekhar, Sudip; Cheung, Karen C.

doi:10.1117/12.2579095

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Many applications currently rely on external sources of light (IR lasers) and photodetection (to measure the aforementioned perturbations), which can theoretically be integrated with a microfluidic chip upstream. An area of research emphasis in this field, however, is scaling down the laser and photodetection in cost and footprint [ 233 ], augmenting the potential applicability of this technology.…”

Section: Readouts From Lung-on-a-chip Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airway-On-A-Chip: Designs and Applications for Lung Repair and Disease

Bennet

Randhawa

Hua

et al. 2021

Cells

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The lungs are affected by illnesses including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and infections such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Physiologically relevant models for respiratory conditions will be essential for new drug development. The composition and structure of the lung extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a major role in the function of the lung tissue and cells. Lung-on-chip models have been developed to address some of the limitations of current two-dimensional in vitro models. In this review, we describe various ECM substitutes utilized for modeling the respiratory system. We explore the application of lung-on-chip models to the study of cigarette smoke and electronic cigarette vapor. We discuss the challenges and opportunities related to model characterization with an emphasis on in situ characterization methods, both established and emerging. We discuss how further advancements in the field, through the incorporation of interstitial cells and ECM, have the potential to provide an effective tool for interrogating lung biology and disease, especially the mechanisms that involve the interstitial elements.

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Section: Readouts From Lung-on-a-chip Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airway-On-A-Chip: Designs and Applications for Lung Repair and Disease

Bennet

Randhawa

Hua

et al. 2021

Cells

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“…An in-coupler photoconductive heater (ICPH) serves as the effective coupling ratio modulator in the MZI coupler, and an in-resonator photoconductive heater (IRPH) serves as the resonance peak monitor and wavelength compensator in the MRR (shown in Figure 1(b)). Although N-doped photoconductive heaters have been employed in optical computing 16 , biosensing 32 and data transmission 29 systems, to our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of doped silicon-based multiwavelength optical information processing systems leveraging intensity modulation at a fixed wavelength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Towards a High-density Photonic Tensor Core Enabled by Intensity-modulated Microrings and Photonic Wire Bonding

Luan

Salmani

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We propose a photonic processing unit for high-density analog computation using intensity-modulation-based microringmodulators (IM-MRMs). The output signal at the fixed resonance wavelength is directly intensity modulated by changing theextinction ratio (ER) of the IM-MRM. Thanks to the intensity-modulated approach, the proposed photonic processing unit isless sensitive to the inter-channel crosstalk. Simulation results reveal that the proposed design offers a maximum of 17-foldincrease in wavelength channel density compared to its wavelength-modulated counterpart. Therefore, a photonic tensor coreof size 512 × 512 can be realized by current foundry lines. A convolutional neural network (CNN) simulator with 6-bit precisionis built for handwritten digit recognition task using the proposed modulator. Simulation results show an overall accuracy of 96.76%, when the wavelength channel spacing suffers a 3-dB power penalty. To experimentally validate the system, 1000 dotproduct operations are carried out with a 4-bit signed system on a co-packaged photonic chip, where optical and electrical I/Osare realized using photonic and electrical wire bonding techniques. Study of the measurement results show a mean squarederror (MSE) of 3.09 × 10^−3 for dot product calculations. The proposed IM-MRM, therefore, renders the crosstalk issue tractableand provides a solution for the development of large-scale optical information processing systems with multiple wavelengths.

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“…The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of scalable, rapid, portable, and cost-effective medical diagnostics in public safety and informed decision making [ 1 , 2 ]. Currently, gold-standard medical diagnostics rely on lab-based tests, which are performed in centralized settings and suffer from high costs, long analysis times, the requirement for highly trained operators, and complex logistics regarding sample transport and information management [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A simplistic setup comprises a broadband optical source that provides a continuous spectrum of wavelengths and a spectrum analyzer to measure the magnitude of the transmission versus wavelength [ 23 ]. Another approach uses a combination of a tunable laser and a photodetector to scan the input wavelength and read the output intensity, respectively [ 1 , 24 , 25 ]. However, another compact and cost-effective approach recently proposed by Chrostowski et al [ 1 ] replaces off-chip tunable lasers with a chip-integrated fixed wavelength laser.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another approach uses a combination of a tunable laser and a photodetector to scan the input wavelength and read the output intensity, respectively [ 1 , 24 , 25 ]. However, another compact and cost-effective approach recently proposed by Chrostowski et al [ 1 ] replaces off-chip tunable lasers with a chip-integrated fixed wavelength laser. In-resonator phase shifters [ 26 ] are used to tune the resonance, and the transmission is read out using a photodetector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Optimization Framework for Silicon Photonic Evanescent-Field Biosensors Using Sub-Wavelength Gratings

et al. 2022

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Silicon photonic (SiP) evanescent-field biosensors aim to combine the information-rich readouts offered by lab-scale diagnostics, at a significantly lower cost, and with the portability and rapid time to result offered by paper-based assays. While SiP biosensors fabricated with conventional strip waveguides can offer good sensitivity for label-free detection in some applications, there is still opportunity for improvement. Efforts have been made to design higher-sensitivity SiP sensors with alternative waveguide geometries, including sub-wavelength gratings (SWGs). However, SWG-based devices are fragile and prone to damage, limiting their suitability for scalable and portable sensing. Here, we investigate SiP microring resonator sensors designed with SWG waveguides that contain a “fishbone” and highlight the improved robustness offered by this design. We present a framework for optimizing fishbone-style SWG waveguide geometries based on numerical simulations, then experimentally measure the performance of ring resonator sensors fabricated with the optimized waveguides, targeting operation in the O-band and C-band. For the O-band and C-band devices, we report bulk sensitivities up to 349 nm/RIU and 438 nm/RIU, respectively, and intrinsic limits of detection as low as 5.1 × 10−4 RIU and 7.1 × 10−4 RIU, respectively. This performance is comparable to the state of the art in SWG-based sensors, positioning fishbone SWG resonators as an attractive, more robust, alternative to conventional SWG designs.

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A silicon photonic evanescent-field sensor architecture using a fixed-wavelength laser

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Airway-On-A-Chip: Designs and Applications for Lung Repair and Disease

Airway-On-A-Chip: Designs and Applications for Lung Repair and Disease

Towards a High-density Photonic Tensor Core Enabled by Intensity-modulated Microrings and Photonic Wire Bonding

An Optimization Framework for Silicon Photonic Evanescent-Field Biosensors Using Sub-Wavelength Gratings

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