A Signal Detection Analysis of Executive Control Performance Among Adolescent Inhalant and Cannabis Users

Abstract

Inhalant users demonstrated significantly lower d-prime scores relative to controls, but not cannabis users, on both tasks, suggesting possible executive deficits relative to controls. CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE: The results of this study raise questions regarding inhalant toxicity and the vulnerability of the adolescent brain to drugs of abuse.

Latent inhibition, aberrant salience, and schizotypy traits in cannabis users

“…Alongside our earlier study measuring KB performance ( Dawes et al, 2021 ), we have now shown no difference in the magnitude of either effect in non-clinical participants reporting either lifetime or recent cannabis use. The absence of significant differences across using and non-using participants in attentional salience processing tasks has been reported previously ( Kober et al, 2014 ; Gruber and Yurgelun-Todd, 2005 ; Takagi et al, 2014 ), confirming observations of selective cognitive dysfunction in long-term cannabis users and further suggesting that associative salience may be relatively spared in this non-clinical sample of cannabis-using individuals.…”

Cannabis Use: Does being High Affect Cognitive-Motor Task Performance?

“…We also did not find evidence to suggest there is a difference between high users and non-users in the Go/No-Go task, testing impulse inhibition. This finding echoes previous research that did not find differences in d' scores in Go/No-Go tasks among adolescent cannabis users (Takagi et al, 2014). Lastly, in the Task-switching and Visual Search tasks, there were no differences between high users and other users in most conditions.…”

Adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study: Overview of substance use assessment methods

“…Human and preclinical evidence demonstrates that other illicit substances are linked with neurocognitive deficits in adolescents and young adults, including cocaine ( Cannizzaro et al, 2014 ; Nuijten et al, 2016 ; Kaag et al, 2016 , Kaag et al, 2014 ; Marhe and Franken, 2014 ; Rose-Jacobs et al, 2011 ; Lundqvist, 2010 ; Meade et al, 2015 ; Fernández-Serrano et al, 2010 ; Sim et al, 2007 ; Rahman and Clarke, 2005 ; Kober et al, 2016 ; Verdejo-Garcia et al, 2015 ; Moreno-López et al, 2015 ; Ide et al, 2014 ; Tau et al, 2014 ; Albein-Urios et al, 2014 ; Ernst et al, 2000 ; Mayer et al, 2013 ), methamphetamine ( Buck and Siegel, 2015 ; Cuzen et al, 2015 ; King et al, 2010 ; Scott et al, 2007 ), MDMA or ecstasy ( Medina et al, 2005 ; Medina and Shear, 2007 ; Costa et al, 2014 ; Price et al, 2014 ; Downey et al, 2015 ; Halpern et al, 2011 ; Scholey et al, 2011 ; McCann et al, 2014 , McCann et al, 2008 ; Jager et al, 2008 ; de Win et al, 2008 ), inhalants ( Takagi et al, 2011a , Takagi et al, 2011b , Takagi et al, 2014 ; Scott and Scott, 2012 , Scott and Scott, 2014 ), heroin ( Zeng et al, 2013 ; Lundqvist, 2010 ; Ornstein et al, 2000 ; Fernández-Serrano et al, 2010 ), cathinones ( Albertson et al, 2016 ; Patrick et al, 2016 ), ketamine ( Chen et al, 2015 ; Nagy et al, 2015 ; Tang et al, 2013 ; Sun et al, 2014 ; Morgan et al, 2012a <...>…”

“…Human and preclinical evidence demonstrates that other illicit substances are linked with neurocognitive deficits in adolescents and young adults, including cocaine (Cannizzaro et al, 2014; Nuijten et al, 2016; Kaag et al, 2016, 2014; Marhe and Franken, 2014; Rose-Jacobs et al, 2011; Lundqvist, 2010; Meade et al, 2015; Fernández-Serrano et al, 2010; Sim et al, 2007; Rahman and Clarke, 2005; Kober et al, 2016; Verdejo-Garcia et al, 2015; Moreno-López et al, 2015; Ide et al, 2014; Tau et al, 2014; Albein-Urios et al, 2014; Ernst et al, 2000; Mayer et al, 2013), methamphetamine (Buck and Siegel, 2015; Cuzen et al, 2015; King et al, 2010; Scott et al, 2007), MDMA or ecstasy (Medina et al, 2005; Medina and Shear, 2007; Costa et al, 2014; Price et al, 2014; Downey et al, 2015; Halpern et al, 2011; Scholey et al, 2011; McCann et al, 2014, 2008; Jager et al, 2008; de Win et al, 2008), inhalants (Takagi et al, 2011a, 2011b, 2014; Scott and Scott, 2012, 2014), heroin (Zeng et al, 2013; Lundqvist, 2010; Ornstein et al, 2000; Fernández-Serrano et al, 2010), cathinones (Albertson et al, 2016; Patrick et al, 2016), ketamine (Chen et al, 2015; Nagy et al, 2015; Tang et al, 2013; Sun et al, 2014; Morgan et al, 2012a), gamma hydroxybutyrate (Johansson et al, 2014; Sircar et al, 2008; Youn et al, 2015), hallucinogens (lysergic acid diethylamide, phencyclidine, peyote, mescaline, N,N- dimethyltryptamine, alpha-methyltryptamine, or 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine, psilocybin, or salvia) (Compton et al, 2011; Noworyta-Sokołowska et al, 2016; Graham et al, 2010, 2012; Halpern et al, 2005; Carstairs and Cantrell, 2010; Fickenscher et al, 2006; Mahendran et al, 2016; Ranganathan et al, 2012), and anabolic steroids (Wallin-…”