A sight on the current nanoparticle-based gene delivery vectors

Abstract

Nowadays, gene delivery for therapeutic objects is considered one of the most promising strategies to cure both the genetic and acquired diseases of human. The design of efficient gene delivery vectors possessing the high transfection efficiencies and low cytotoxicity is considered the major challenge for delivering a target gene to specific tissues or cells. On this base, the investigations on non-viral gene vectors with the ability to overcome physiological barriers are increasing. Among the non-viral vectors, nanoparticles showed remarkable properties regarding gene delivery such as the ability to target the specific tissue or cells, protect target gene against nuclease degradation, improve DNA stability, and increase the transformation efficiency or safety. This review attempts to represent a current nanoparticle based on its lipid, polymer, hybrid, and inorganic properties. Among them, hybrids, as efficient vectors, are utilized in gene delivery in terms of materials (synthetic or natural), design, and in vitro/in vivo transformation efficiency.

Introductory Chapter: Drug Delivery Concepts

“…For gene delivery, the plasmid DNA is introduced into the target cells, and the genetic information is ultimately translated into the corresponding protein [18]. To achieve this, an efficient vector that possesses high transfection efficiency, biodegradability, targeting ability, DNA protecting ability, stimuli sensitivity, and low cytotoxicity for delivering a target gene to specific tissues or cells must be selected to cure both the genetic and acquired diseases of human [19]. Despite more gene transfection efficiency, viral vectors may pose a significant risk to patients, while nonviral carriers are inherently safer than viral carriers [20].…”

Medicated Nanoparticle for Gene Delivery

“…This property has been utilized for an assay of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Due to concerns about long-term in vivo toxicity and degradation, QDs are currently limited to cell and small animal uses [30,31,.…”

“…Inorganic type of nonviral delivery vectors are magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots, and gold nanoparticles, and so on [31,47].…”

“…Nonviral gene delivery systems are typically composed of plasmid DNA condensed into nanoparticles by a cationic polymer [31].…”

“…Temperature also has an effect in the stability of the magnetic nanoparticle due to energy transfer from the solvent molecules (Brownian motion) to the nanometric particles. Hence, magnetic nanoparticle can be coated with a biocompatible polymer to enhance its stability [30,31,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62].…”