A Short Version of the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS‐20): Preliminary Development and Validity

McCracken, Lance M.; Dhingra, Lara

doi:10.1155/2002/517163

Cited by 534 publications

(473 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A 20-item revised version of the PASS was used in the present study [13]. The PASS contains four subscales that measure the levels of various types of anxiety: cognitive anxiety, fear of pain, escape and avoidance, and physiologic anxiety.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

To What Degree Do Pain-coping Strategies Affect Joint Stiffness and Functional Outcomes in Patients with Hand Fractures?

Roh

Noh

et al. 2015

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background Patients with hand fractures often have pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints of the hand, which may lead them to protect their hands, resulting in more stiffness and in delayed recovery. However, the effects of paincoping strategies and catastrophization (the tendency to expect the worst to occur when pain is present, an approach that can be thought of as the opposite of ''coping'') on functional recovery after hand fractures have not been investigated in depth. Questions/purposes Are preoperative catastrophization and anxiety in patients with hand fractures associated with (1) decreased grip strength; (2) decreased range of motion; and (3) increased disability at 3 and 6 months after surgical treatment for a hand fracture? Secondarily, we asked if there are other patient and injury factors that are associated with these outcomes at 3 and 6 months. Methods A total of 93 patients with surgically treated hand fractures were enrolled in this prospective study. Preoperative assessments measured coping strategies evaluated by measuring catastrophic thinking with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and pain anxiety with the Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale. At 3 and 6 months postoperatively, grip strength, total active range of motion, and disability (Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score) were assessed. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify patient demographic, injury, and coping skills factors that accounted for outcomes of strength, motion, and disability. Results Decreased grip strength was associated with catastrophic thinking (beta = À1.29 [95% confidence interval, À1.67 to À0.89], partial R 2 = 11%, p \ 0.001) and anxiety (beta = À0.83 [À1.16 to À0.50], partial R 2 = 7%, p = 0.007) at 3 months, but by 6 months, only anxiety (beta = À0.74 [À1.04 to À0.44], partial R 2 = 7%, p = 0.010) remained an important factor. Decreased total active range of motion was associated with pain catastrophizing (beta = À0.63 [À0.90 to À0.36], partial R 2 = 6 %, p = 0.024) and anxiety (beta = À0.28 [À0.42 to À0.14], partial R 2 = 3%, p = 0.035) at 3 months but not at 6 months. Similarly, increased disability was associated with pain catastrophizing (beta = 1.09 [1.39-0.79], partial R 2 = 12%, p \ 0.001) and anxiety (beta = 0.93 [1.21-

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

To What Degree Do Pain-coping Strategies Affect Joint Stiffness and Functional Outcomes in Patients with Hand Fractures?

Roh

Noh

et al. 2015

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This scale has been used extensively in research and clinical practice and has been shown to be valid and reliable. 23 Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale-20 (PASS-20): The PASS-20 56 is a shortened 20-item version of the original Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale 25 designed to measure fear and anxiety responses specific to pain, including avoidance. The PASS-20 has four five-item subscales, including (1) cognitive anxiety, (2) escape and avoidance, (3) fearful thinking, and (4) physiological anxiety.…”

Section: Pain and Anxiety Questionnairesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PASS-20 has been shown to have good to excellent reliability and validity. 56 APPENDIX B -Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale Patient demonstrates eye opening and eye contact that is sustained for more than 10 seconds (score -1).…”

Section: Pain and Anxiety Questionnairesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gabapentin reduces preoperative anxiety and pain catastrophizing in highly anxious patients prior to major surgery: a blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial

Clarke

Kirkham

Orser

et al. 2013

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

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“…Several psychological variables are also evaluated: (1) the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), a 13-item questionnaire which evaluates pain-related rumination, helplessness and magnification [39]; (2) Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), which allows a distinction to be made between anxiety as a trait of personality or an emotional response to a situation [40]; (3) the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), a 21-item questionnaire assessing symptoms of depression [41]; (4) the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS-20), evaluating fear of pain during intercourse [42]; and (5) the Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC), a patient-reported measure selected to evaluate perceived reduction in pain using a 7-point scale that ranges from 'very much improved' to 'very much worse' [43].…”

Section: Primary Outcome Measurementioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized clinical trial of multimodal physiotherapy treatment compared to overnight lidocaine ointment in women with provoked vestibulodynia: Design and methods

Morin

Dumoulin

Bergeron

et al. 2016

Contemporary Clinical Trials

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Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is a highly prevalent and debilitating condition yet its management relies mainly on non-empirically validated interventions. Among the many causes of PVD, there is growing evidence that pelvic floor muscle (PFM) dysfunctions play an important role in its pathophysiology. Multimodal physiotherapy, which addresses these dysfunctions, is judged by experts to be highly effective and is recommended as a first-line treatment. However, the effectiveness of this promising intervention has been evaluated through only two small uncontrolled trials. The proposed bi-center, single-blind, parallel group, randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to evaluate the efficacy of multimodal physiotherapy and compare it to a frequently used first-line treatment, topical overnight application of lidocaine, in women with PVD. A total of 212 women diagnosed with PVD according to a standardized protocol were eligible for the study and were randomly assigned to either multimodal physiotherapy or lidocaine treatment for 10 weeks. The primary outcome measure is pain during intercourse (assessed with a numerical rating scale). Secondary measures include sexual function, pain quality, psychological factors (including pain catastrophizing, anxiety, depression and fear of pain), PFM morphology and function, and patients' global impression of change. Assessments are made at baseline, post-treatment and at the 6-month follow-up. This manuscript presents and discusses the rationale, design and methodology of the first RCT investigating physiotherapy in comparison to a commonly prescribed first-line treatment, overnight topical lidocaine, for women with PVD.

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A Short Version of the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS‐20): Preliminary Development and Validity

Cited by 534 publications

References 21 publications

To What Degree Do Pain-coping Strategies Affect Joint Stiffness and Functional Outcomes in Patients with Hand Fractures?

To What Degree Do Pain-coping Strategies Affect Joint Stiffness and Functional Outcomes in Patients with Hand Fractures?

Gabapentin reduces preoperative anxiety and pain catastrophizing in highly anxious patients prior to major surgery: a blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial

Randomized clinical trial of multimodal physiotherapy treatment compared to overnight lidocaine ointment in women with provoked vestibulodynia: Design and methods

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