A short-term mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) bioassay to assess endocrine responses to hormone-active compounds and mixtures

Effects of model aromatizable (17α-methyltestosterone) and non-aromatizable (5α-dihydrotestosterone) androgens on the adult mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) in a short-term reproductive endocrine bioassay

“…Prior to statistical analysis, Dixon tests for outliers were conducted (MacLatchy et al, 2005) and outliers were removed from further analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica© 6.0 (Statsoft INC, Tulsa, OK, USA) and Sigmaplot 11.0 (Systat Software INC, Chicago, IL, USA).…”

“…The gonads from all remaining fish were snap frozen with liquid nitrogen for gene expression analysis. Full details of the sampling protocol are available in MacLatchy et al (2005).…”

The effects of temperature and salinity on 17-α-ethynylestradiol uptake and its relationship to oxygen consumption in the model euryhaline teleost (Fundulus heteroclitus)

“…The killifish or mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) is a small, strongly euryhaline fish native to these regions where it plays an important role in the trophic dynamics of the ecosystem (Abraham, 1985;Kneib and Steven, 1978;Kneib, 1986;Valiela et al, 1977). Endocrine disrupting effects of EE2 exposure on this species are already well-documented (Hogan et al, 2010;MacLatchy et al, 2003;MacLatchy et al, 2005;Peters et al, 2007Peters et al, , 2009). Killifish move diurnally to and from tidal margin shallows, where salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen are constantly varying (Burnett et al, 2007).…”

Detectable effect size and bioassay power of mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) adult reproductive tests

“…Standard laboratory conditions for mummichog were maintained during laboratory acclimation [21][22][23] using a mixture of Bay of Fundy seawater and dechlorinated City of Saint John water (16 ppt salinity, .85% dissolved oxygen, ambient temperatures, natural photoperiod). Standard laboratory conditions for mummichog were maintained during laboratory acclimation [21][22][23] using a mixture of Bay of Fundy seawater and dechlorinated City of Saint John water (16 ppt salinity, .85% dissolved oxygen, ambient temperatures, natural photoperiod).…”

“…The FHM is sexually dimorphic and small in size, has a relatively rapid life cycle and established culturing and handling procedures [18,17], and is easily maintained in laboratory environments. Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) has been suggested as a model species for investigating physiological responses to environmental change [25] because of its abundance in estuarine waters along the eastern coast of North America, sedentary lifestyle, welldocumented reproductive cycle, and responses to endocrineactive contaminants [22,23]. Mummichog are easily maintained in the laboratory, and photoperiod and temperature manipulations result in mummichog that are reproductively mature for year-round toxicity testing [21].…”