A Short Review on Polymer, Metal and Ceramic Based Implant Materials

Abstract

The present work focuses on the evaluation of polymer, metal and ceramic based biomaterials with particular emphasis on success rate of these materials till date along with the merits and demerits of these material system. Currently, the search for the materials with improved performance is on rise for biomedical (mainly total hip replacement, THR) applications owing to increase in the number of orthopedic patients worldwide. The clinicians utilized polymer and metal-based implants in ancient times to heal and treat the bone imperfections as well as fractures. The next generation materials required an update on properties, cell material interactions, repair and regeneration, that can only be acquired from recent knowledge related to materials. The commonly employed polymers (natural based polymers, proteins or polysaccharides; and synthetic polymers, poly (lactic acid), poly (glycolic acid), poly (ε-caprolactone), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)) and metals (SS, Mg-alloy, Ti-alloys, Co-alloy, silver, and nickel-titanium alloys) failed to fulfill the long-term durability and lacked in generating adequate bonding with the bones. It is intended that the facts and details abridged in this review article ought to be a beneficial tool in the development of progressively eminent implant materials like ceramic based materials against premature failure, cyclic stress generation, wear, corrosion fatigue, implant loosening and ultimate fracture.

A comprehensive review on metallic implant biomaterials and their subtractive manufacturing

“…Thus, the implants are designed and fabricated on the basis of an accurate selection of the potential biomaterials. In this relation, due to superior mechanical, fatigue, wear, and corrosion properties, Ti-6Al-4 V alloy, 316L stainless-steel (SS), Co-Cr–Mo, and nickel-titanium-shape memory alloy (NiTi-SMA) metallic implant biomaterials are often given preference over other biomaterials such as polymers and ceramics [ 4 ].…”

Facilitating GL13K Peptide Grafting on Polyetheretherketone via 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide: Surface Properties and Antibacterial Activity

“…In recent years, biofilm-associated microbial infections on implantable medical devices have been a major concern and placed high burdens on healthcare systems. The implantable biomaterials include stainless steel, titanium (Ti), tantalum, zirconia, alumina, polyethylene, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Among these, the thermoplastic polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a state-of-the-art material due to its superior chemical resistance, thermal stability, mechanical strength similar to cortical bone, and radiolucent property [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Tribological performance of ceramic composites for biomedical applications: A review

“…The most practiced preclinical testing method to assess the wear performance of any newly developed hip implant material in laboratory comprises the use of several tribometer equipments namely pin‐on‐disc, disc‐on‐ball, ring‐on‐plate, reciprocating sliding motion devices, 3 station hip wear simulator, 8‐station hip joint simulator, and 12‐station hip wear simulator in the presence of synovial fluid lubricant which is capable of simulating the physiological loadings and movements [21–35]. All these equipments provide important information regarding performance and expected behaviour of a developed implant material.…”