A Short Review of the Electronic Banking System

Abstract

The necessity of E-Banking services with the new generation’s lifestyle today is reached at different levels of technology innovations. This paper aims at directing and contributing to E-Banking by exploring and analyzing the current situation of commencement on E-Banking and its acceptance confidently. This paper presents an intensive summary review of a doctorate research by the author about E-Banking acceptance in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq in which 38 studies among 110 published papers were selected on E-Banking between 2002-2016. The studies seek to draw reliable conclusions from their data to identify the influenced factors on the acceptance and adopting of E-Banking system. To analyze the capacity and results of these studies, an analysis was conducted on the most influenced factors, powerful acceptance theories employed in these studies, thesample unit, respondent size and the location of the investigation. The results showed that the factors of security, perceived ease of use and trust had the higher frequencies among the others. The most used model in these studies was TAM model with a great satisfaction results by the researchers and bank institutions. The respondents of these studies were between 44 and 3000 and the major sample unit is bank customers and the majority of studies were from Iran, which are 13 studies. It was found that other theories (UTAUT and UTAUT 2) were less attractive to researchers in their studies. Therefore, the most results are based on the outcomes of TAM models. However, there are limitations of the outcomes by this study for reviewing limited papers, someshortcomings in constructing the links between the E-Banking channels with the influenced factors and there is supremacy of the higher frequency of using TAM on the results. Further works are recommended to study security, perceived ease, and trust using (UTAUT and UTAUT 2) in the countries with large population strata.

An Empirical Investigation of E-Banking in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: The Moderating Effect of Attitude

“…With regards to the term of E-banking based on the literature review, Electronic Banking services can be defined as a new kind of reform in banking industry services, thus it has changed massively the electronic business and government environments in very recent decades (Sohail & Shanmugham, 2002;Huang et al, 2011;Hoehle et al, 2012;M. Hama Khan, 2019;Khan, 2018).…”

“…Further, attitude is used as a moderator in the relationship between individual factors and user behaviour based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. lIterature revIew and research hypothesIs E-banking has simplified financial transactions through different technological platforms, whether it is an automated teller machine (ATM), computer, mobile phone or tablet in order to access information on a customer's account via electronic service (online service) (Harris et al, 2016;Butt & Aftab, 2013), instead of a visit to a brickand-mortar banking branch (offline service) (Daniel, 1999;Lee & Lee, 2000).The necessity of E-Banking services with the new generation's lifestyle today is reached by different levels of technology innovations (Khan, 2018;Chawla & Joshi, 2017;Aljanabi & Dileep, 2012;Rahomee et al, 2014;Aljanabi & nor azila, 2015aAljanabi & nor azila, , 2015bAlkhaffaf & Abdulqadir, 2016;Mohd Noor & Abdulqadir, 2016;Aljanabi & Dileep, 2013). E-banking provides self-service technologies in an electronic environment (Shih & Fang, 2004;Hoehle et al, 2016).Moreover, it is quite obvious that an E-banking system goes up against the traditional banking system (offline banking) (Floh & Treiblmaier, 2006;Kingshott et al, 2018) for many reasons, such as cost (Luarn & Lin, 2004;Abrahão et al, 2016), time (Hanafizadeh & Khedmatgozar, 2012), knowledge of IT (Mallat et al, 2009;Luo et al, 2010) geographic expanse, pollution, traffic jams, parking problems, saving trees (paperless transactions), for better management (Claro &Rosa, 2016), attracting more customers (Mann & Sahni, 2012) through different communication channels such as social media, mass media (Tran & Corner, 2016), e-service (Al-Qeisi & Hegazy, 2015) and financial performance of community banks (Acharya et al, 2008).…”

“…This research only tested attitude as a moderator, many other factors are beyond the domain of this study that can act as a moderator, such as (Culture, Word of mouth, Speed, Subject Norms, Religion etc.) (Khan, 2018;M. Hama Khan, 2019).UTAUT and TAM are the only two theories that the research framework is based on, other theories can be used in order to build the research frameworks as a base, such as (TRA, TPB, DTPB, IDT, UTAUT 2, etc.)…”

“…Users Pakistan E-banking service (Chaouali & El Hedhli, 2019;Chauhan et al, 2019) saw demographic characteristics (Chawla & Joshi, 2017, 2018, subjective norm (Ting et al, 2016), word of mouth impact (Mehrad & Mohammadi, 2016), electronic service (Ayo et al, 2016),etc.…”

“…With regards to the theories, attitude has been employed in three main theories related to consumer behaviour, namely (Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) by Fishbein and Ajzen (1975),(Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) by Ajzen (1991) and (Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis, 1989. From these theories and literature review, this researcher understood that attitude was not used as a moderator, that is why the researcher has decided to use attitude as a moderator in this research (Khan, 2018;M. Hama Khan, 2019).…”