A Short Review of Investigation of the Virus of Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever

Chumakov, M. P.

doi:10.21236/ad0670374

Cited by 14 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The first recognized outbreak of CCHF took place in the summer of 1944, when Soviet troops re-occupying areas of the Crimean peninsula that had been under German occupation developed an acute febrile illness with a high incidence of bleeding and shock (Grashchenkov, 1945;Chumakov 1965Chumakov , 1974Hoogstraal, 1979). Some 200 military personnel were hospitalized, and about 10% died.…”

Section: Discovery and Naming Of Cchfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They noted that, because large areas of cultivated land had been abandoned during the German occupation, the population of hares and other wild hosts of Hyalomma ticks had increased, and soldiers and farm workers engaged in restoring agricultural production were suffering large numbers of tick bites. Chumakov and his colleagues soon succeeded in proving that ''Crimean hemorrhagic fever'' (CHF) was a tick-borne viral infection by inoculating psychiatric patients and military volunteers with ultrafiltrates of patient serum or extracts of pooled ticks (Chumakov, 1965(Chumakov, , 1974. Although they initially claimed to have reproduced the disease in a variety of experimental animals, their subsequent reports attributed those results to microbial contamination.…”

Section: Discovery and Naming Of Cchfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By the late 1960s, Soviet researchers had selected the Drozdov isolate of CHFV, recovered from a patient in Astrakhan, as a standard reference strain Chumakov, 1974). Using the suckling mouse method and immunologic assays, they were able to show that a variety of febrile diseases found in widely separate foci in the Soviet Union and in Bulgaria were caused by strains of CHFV .…”

Section: Discovery and Naming Of Cchfmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bente, Dennis A.; Forrester, Naomi L.; Watts, Douglas M.; McAuley, Alexander J.; Whitehouse, Chris A.; and Bray, Mike, "CrimeanCongo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity" (2013 b s t r a c tCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the most important tick-borne viral disease of humans, causing sporadic cases or outbreaks of severe illness across a huge geographic area, from western China to the Middle East and southeastern Europe and throughout most of Africa. CCHFV is maintained in vertical and horizontal transmission cycles involving ixodid ticks and a variety of wild and domestic vertebrates, which do not show signs of illness. The virus circulates in a number of tick genera, but Hyalomma ticks are the principal source of human infection, probably because both immature and adult forms actively seek hosts for the blood meals required at each stage of maturation. CCHF occurs most frequently among agricultural workers following the bite of an infected tick, and to a lesser extent among slaughterhouse workers exposed to the blood and tissues of infected livestock and medical personnel through contact with the body fluids of infected patients. CCHFV is the most genetically diverse of the arboviruses, with nucleotide sequence differences among isolates ranging from 20% for the viral S segment to 31% for the M segment. Viruses with diverse sequences can be found within the same geographic area, while closely related viruses have been isolated in far distant regions, suggesting that widespread dispersion of CCHFV has occurred at times in the past, possibly by ticks carried on migratory birds or through the international livestock trade. Reassortment among genome segments during co-infection of ticks or vertebrates appears to have played an important role in generating diversity, and represents a potential future source of novel viruses. In this article, we first review current knowledge of CCHFV, summarizing its molecular biology, maintenance and transmission, epidemiology and geographic range. We also include an extensive discussion of CCHFV genetic diversity, including maps of the range of the virus with superimposed phylogenetic trees. We then review the features of CCHF, including the clinical syndrome, diagnosis, treatment, pathogenesis, vaccine development and laboratory animal models of CCHF. The paper ends with a discussion of the possible future geographic range of the virus. For the benefit of researchers, we include a Supplementary Table listing all published reports of CCHF cases and outbreaks in the English-language literature, plus some principal articles in other languages, with total case numbers, case fatality rates and all CCHFV strains on GenBank.

show abstract

Section: Discovery and Naming Of Cchfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discovery and Naming Of Cchfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discovery and Naming Of Cchfmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The arthropod described may well have been a species of Hyalomma tick larvae which are frequently found on blackbirds. CCHF has also been recognized for centuries under at least three names by the indigenous people of southern Uzbekistan: khungribta (blood taking), khunymuny (nose bleeding), or karakhalak (black death) (Chumakov, 1974;Hoogstraal, 1979). [The term "black death," now commonly used to refer to plague (Yersina pestis), did not appear in the Oriental literature on plague, and was not commonly used in European languages until the 16th and 17th centuries (Dols, 1977).]…”

Section: Early History Of Crimean-congo Hemorrhagic Fever (Cchf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shortly thereafter, a viral etiology was suggested by reproducing a febrile syndrome in psychiatric patients undergoing pyrogenic therapy after inoculation with a filterable agent from the blood of CHF patients (Chumakov, 1974). Further evidence of a viral etiology and of a suspected tick-borne route of infection was demonstrated by inducing a mild, but characteristic, clinical course of CHF in healthy human volunteers 2 days after their inoculation with filtered suspensions of nymphal Hyalomma marginatum ticks in the presence of antibiotics (Chumakov, 1974).…”

Section: Discovery Of the Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease caused by the arbovirus Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), which is a member of the Nairovirus genus (family Bunyaviridae). CCHF was first recognized during a large outbreak among agricultural workers in the mid-1940s in the Crimean peninsula. The disease now occurs sporadically throughout much of Africa, Asia, and Europe and results in an approximately 30% fatality rate. After a short incubation period, CCHF is characterized by a sudden onset of high fever, chills, severe headache, dizziness, back, and abdominal pains. Additional symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, neuropsychiatric, and cardiovascular changes. In severe cases, hemorrhagic manifestations, ranging from petechiae to large areas of ecchymosis, develop. Numerous genera of ixodid ticks serve both as vector and reservoir for CCHFV; however, ticks in the genus Hyalomma are particularly important to the ecology of this virus. In fact, occurrence of CCHF closely approximates the known world distribution of Hyalomma spp. ticks. Therefore, exposure to these ticks represents a major risk factor for contracting disease; however, other important risk factors are known and are discussed in this review. In recent years, major advances in the molecular detection of CCHFV, particularly the use of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in clinical and tick samples have allowed for both rapid diagnosis of disease and molecular epidemiology studies. Treatment options for CCHF are limited. Immunotherapy and ribavirin have been tried with varying degrees of success during sporadic outbreaks of disease, but no case-controlled trials have been conducted. Consequently, there is currently no antiviral treatment for CCHF approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, renewed interested in CCHFV, as well as increased knowledge of its basic biology, may lead to improved therapies in the future. This article reviews the history, epidemiology, ecology, clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of CCHF. In addition, recent advances in the molecular biology of CCHFV are presented, and issues related to its possible use as a bioterrorism agent are discussed.

show abstract

Antiviral Drug Development

Clercq¹,

Walker²

1988

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

All rights reservedNo part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Advanced Study Institute was sponsored by NATO (ASI no 237/86) and co-sponsored by FEBS (Advanced Course no 87/02). The Course Directors also acknowledge the financial assistance of the following companies :

show abstract

A Short Review of Investigation of the Virus of Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: History, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever

Antiviral Drug Development

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About