A Sexual Differentiation Scale for the D-A-P Test (for use with children)

Haworth, Mary R.; Normington, Cheryl J.

doi:10.1080/08853126.1961.10381064

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For each test occasion, the male and female figure drawings produced by subjects were scored for sexual differentiation according to criteria provided by Haworth and Normington (1961) in their description of a 4-level Sexual Differentiation Scale for evaluating children's drawings. Further, for each subject, sex of the first figure drawn was.…”

Section: Scoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Greater definition and acceptance of the body as feminine as well as clarification and acceptance of the self as female are, according to Whisnant and Zegans, normal sequelae of menarche for girls. Associated with these changes is a greater general awareness and differentiation of male and female bodies (Haworth & Normington, 1961).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With respect to the specific issue of developmental changes in sexual identification and differentiation, the most frequently employed methodology has been to ask subjects to draw a person and then to draw a person of the opposite sex. Drawings of males and females have been compared for degree of sexual differentiation (Haworth & Normington, 1961). Additionally, sex of the first drawn figure has been taken as an index of sex role identification.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One developmental prediction supported by the results of several investigations is that progressive awareness of sex differences and greater acceptance of one's sex role increase with age and are reflected in increases in the degree to which male and female human figure drawings are rendered as sexually differentiated (Faterson & Witkin, 1970;Haworth & Normington, 1961;Laosa, Swartz, & Holtzman, 1973;Swensen & Newton, 1955).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Changes in representation of body image as a function of menarcheal status.

Koff

Rierdan²,

Silverstone³

1978

Developmental Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The significance of menarche for girls' body image and sexual identification was investigated by assessing human figure drawings produced by adolescent girls on two occasions, 6 months apart. Three groups of subjects were studied: girls who were premenarcheal on both test occasions, girls who were postmenarchealon both test occasions, and girls who changed menarcheal status between the two test administrations. Parallel results were obtained from both longitudinal and crosssectional comparisons of pre-versus postmenarcheal girls. Postmenarcheal girls produced more sexually differentiated human figure drawings and more frequently drew their own sex first when asked to draw a person. Postmenarcheal, as compared to premenarcheal, girls also indicated greater satisfaction with "female" body parts on a modified body-cathexis scale. These data confirm clinical speculations that menarche is a pivotal event for reorganization of the adolescent girl's body image and sexual identity.Puberty has long been recognized as an important developmental landmark (Bios, 1962;Fenichel, 1945;Freud, 1958). Menarche, on the other hand, while probably experienced by girls as the single most important event of puberty, has received scant attention. A treatment of menarche as a normative crisis in girls' development is conspicuously absent from the literature (Whisnant&Zegans, 1975). Further, empirical observations of the impact of menarche are rare. Although Offer (1969) has written extensively on the development of normal adolescent boys, no comparable body of data exists for girls. Indeed, the report of Offer and Offer (1968), based on clinical interviews with six normal adolescent girls, is notable for the absence of any mention of menarche.Recently, however, a number of authorsThis article is based on data collected for a senior honors thesis by the third author. Appreciation is expressed to Kathy Weingarten for constructive criticism and advice.Requests for reprints should be sent to

show abstract

Section: Scoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Changes in representation of body image as a function of menarcheal status.

Koff

Rierdan²,

Silverstone³

1978

Developmental Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many researchers have begun to show a growing interest in the psychological aspects of human drawings since the end of the 19th century. The Draw-A-Person (DAP) test (Machover, 1949) is one of the most frequently used techniques by clinical psychologists (Anastasi & Urbina, 1994;Armstrong & Hauch, 1961;Arteche et al, 2010;Hammer, 1997;Haworth & Normington, 1961;Skybo et al, 2007;McHugh, 1966;Swensen, 1968;Willcock et al, 2011). Furthermore, there have been numerous assertions that figure drawings, as projections of inner feelings, thoughts, conflicts, compensations, and perceptions, significantly reflect personality features (Daoud & Breik, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Sketch and Personality: The Narcissistic Personality Inventory Research

Wang¹

2015

ADR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigated 73 designed beginners who drew the Venus plaster and completed the 7dimensional Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) test. Next, 5-point scales were used to compare the degrees of the facial similarity between the paintings and photos of the beginners who created the paintings. The results indicated that over half of the paintings were similar to the photos of the painters, and the similarity was significantly correlated with narcissism. For example, the painters with self-sufficient personalities were more likely to exhibit assertiveness, independence, self-confidence, and need for achievement; thus, they were automatically drawn to their own sense of personal feelings as projected onto the drawings, which naturally tended to look like themselves. These results might help the educators in the design field identify the likely NPI-associated psychological and behavioral outcomes of design beginners by observing the contexts of their paintings.

show abstract

Personality adjustment of children and adolescents with hypopituitarism

Drotar

Owens

Gotthold

1980

Child Psych Hum Dev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sixteen children and adolescents with extreme short stature secondary to hypopituitarism were compared to a matched group of physically healthy peers on a variety of psychological tests assessing general adjustment, body image, sex role development, sex-related fantasy, and reactions to frustration. With the exception of their reactions to frustrations, the psychological adjustment of children with hypopituitarism compared favorably with that of normal children. Children with hypopituitarism typically perceived less adaptive, mature solutions to frustrating situations than did peers of average stature. Anticipatory guidance for children with extreme short stature might help facilitate more adaptive responses to the difficult and inevitable frustrations imposed by short stature. Evaluations of intervention directed toward the enhancement of coping skills and life adjustment of children with small stature due to hypopituitarism is seen as a focus for future research with this population.

show abstract

A Sexual Differentiation Scale for the D-A-P Test (for use with children)

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Changes in representation of body image as a function of menarcheal status.

Changes in representation of body image as a function of menarcheal status.

The Relationship between Sketch and Personality: The Narcissistic Personality Inventory Research

Personality adjustment of children and adolescents with hypopituitarism

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About