A sex difference in visual influence on heard speech

Irwin, Julia; Whalen, D. H.; Fowler, Carol A.

doi:10.3758/bf03208760

Cited by 38 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…It was found that females have more activation in multimodal inferior parietal, inferior frontal, precentral and angular regions, suggesting that females associate the lip movements with the absent speech sound and mirror the moving lips. Also in psychophysical studies, females showed a greater visual influence on heard speech than men [Irwin et al, 2006]. All these reported sex differences are consistent with the present differences in the PAC and point to different neural strategies in both sexes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Activation in Primary Auditory Cortex during Silent Lipreading Is Determined by Sex

Ruytjens¹,

Albers

Dijk³

et al. 2007

Audiol Neurotol

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Recent studies investigating whether the primary auditory cortex (PAC) is involved in silent lipreading gave inconsistent results. We used positron emission tomography to identify which areas in the temporal lobe process visible speech, with a focus on the PAC. Subjects were tested on lipreading numbers and only the best lipreaders were included in the study (n = 18; 9 female, 9 male). Each subject was scanned while either watching a movie with a speaker silently articulating numbers (lipreading condition) or watching a static image of the same speaker (baseline condition). Subjects were instructed to repeat internally the number seen or the number ‘1’. Compared to the baseline condition, silent lipreading activated temporal areas in both hemispheres with the largest activation clusters in the left hemisphere. When the whole group was examined, no activation in the PAC was found. But when investigating the two sexes separately, the female group demonstrated activation of the left PAC. There was no significant activation in the right female PAC or in the left and right male PAC. Since both groups had similar performances in lipreading, differential activity in the PAC has no effect on lipreading scores. These results may explain previous inconsistent results where no differentiation for sex was made.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Activation in Primary Auditory Cortex during Silent Lipreading Is Determined by Sex

Ruytjens¹,

Albers

Dijk³

et al. 2007

Audiol Neurotol

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“…These concerns also apply to studies that compare McGurk perception across different groups, whether the groups are defined by age (Hockley & Polka, 1994; McGurk & MacDonald, 1976; Rosenblum, Schmuckler, & Johnson, 1997), gender (Aloufy et al, 1996; Irwin, Whalen, & Fowler, 2006; Traunmüller & Öhrström, 2007), or clinical diagnosis (de Gelder, Vroomen, Annen, Masthof, & Hodiamont, 2003; Delbeuck, Collette, & Van der Linden, 2007; Mongillo et al, 2008). Our results illustrate two important points.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similar frequency of the McGurk effect in large samples of native Mandarin Chinese and American English speakers

et al. 2015

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Humans combine the visual information from mouth movements with auditory information from the voice to recognize speech. A common method for assessing multisensory speech perception is the McGurk effect: when presented with particular pairings of incongruent auditory and visual speech syllables (e.g., the auditory speech sounds for “ba” dubbed onto the visual mouth movements for “ga”) individuals perceive a third syllable, distinct from the auditory and visual components. Chinese and American cultures differ in the prevalence of direct facial gaze and in the auditory structure of their languages, raising the possibility of cultural and language-related group differences in the McGurk effect. There is no consensus in the literature about the existence of these group differences, with some studies reporting less McGurk effect in native Mandarin Chinese speakers than in English speakers and others reporting no difference. However, these studies sampled small numbers of participants tested with a small number of stimuli. Therefore, we collected data on the McGurk effect from large samples of Mandarin-speaking individuals from China and English-speaking individuals from the USA (total n = 307) viewing 9 different stimuli. Averaged across participants and stimuli, we found similar frequencies of the McGurk effect between Chinese and American participants (48% vs. 44%). In both groups, we observed a large range of frequencies both across participants (range from 0% to 100%) and stimuli (15% to 83%) with the main effect of culture and language accounting for only 0.3% of the variance in the data. The high variability in the McGurk effect necessitates the use of large sample sizes to accurately estimate group differences.

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“…consonants, words, sentences). Irwin et al (2006) reported that a female advantage was only shown for very brief visual presentations. Strelnikov et al found that females performed better in a word recognition task but performed equally for isolated phonemes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%